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Master Sommelier Theory 2025 > FR: Southern > Flashcards

FR: Southern Flashcards

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1
Q

Corbières AOP wine styles

A

Languedoc

blanc: Min. 90% combined Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Macabeu, Roussanne, and Vermentino

rosé: Min. 25% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah; max. 75% Cinsault; max. 50% combined Carignan

rouge: Min. 50% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah; plus Carignan

all min 2 varieties

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2
Q

Fitou AOP
styles
grapes

A

inside Corbières. red only

Min. 60% combined Grenache (min. 20%) and Carignan (min. 20%); min. 10% combined Syrah and Mourvèdre

Languedoc

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3
Q

Fitou AOP soils

A

Fitou Maritime: coastal clay and limestone around the saltwater lagoons

Fitou Montagneux: 24km inland, mountainous schist

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4
Q

What Corbières subzone has appellation status for Carignan based red wines?

A

Corbières-Boutenac

Min. 70% combined Grenache, Mourvèdre, and Carignan. No variety may exceed 80% of the blend.

Carignan must be manually harvested

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5
Q

Cabardes AOP wine styles

A

Red and rose

Principal Varieties: Min. 40% combined Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot; min. 40% combined Grenache and Syrah
Accessory Varieties: Cot, Cinsault, and Fer

Languedoc

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6
Q

Malepère AOP wine styles

A

red & rose- both must be blends

Rosé: Min. 40% Cabernet Franc, min. 20% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cinsault, Cot, Grenache, and Merlot

Rouge: Min. 40% Merlot, min. 20% combined Cabernet Franc and Cot; plus Cinsault, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, and Lladoner Pelut

Languedoc

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7
Q

Limoux AOP wine styles

A

White: Chardonnay, Chenin, Mauzac- still wines must be fermented in oak

rouge: 30-70% Merlot, min 10% Grenache, Syrah, Cot- must have at least 3 grapes

Blanquette de Limoux: min 90% Mauzac
Limoux Ancestral: 100% Mauzac

Languedoc

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8
Q

Blanquette de Limoux: method of production and grapes

A

Traditional method. 9m lees
Min 90% mauzac, with Chard & Chenin

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9
Q

Crémant de Limoux: method of production and grapes

A

Traditional method, minimum 9 months on lees.

MAX 90% combined Chardonnay (min. 50%) and Chenin Blanc (10-40%); plus max. 20% combined Mauzac and Pinot Noir (max. 15%)

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10
Q

Languedoc AOP wine style

A

all minimum 2 varieties, no single variety over 80% of blend

white: Piquepoul Blanc, Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat, and Vermentino

rose:
Min. 50% combined Syrah, Mourvèdre , Grenache Noir, and Lledoner Pelut.
Min. 20% combined Syrah and Mourvédre.
Min. 20% Grenache Noir and Lledoner Pelut, if Carignan is present.

rouge:
Min. 50% combined Syrah, Mourvèdre, Grenache Noir, and/or Lledoner Pelut.
Min. 20% combined Syrah and Mourvédre.
Min. 20% combined Grenache Noir and Lledoner Pelut if Carignan is present.

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11
Q

Who introduced the process of mutage?

A

Arnaud de Villeneuve, 13th century physician

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12
Q

Vin de Liqueur vs Vin doux Naturel

A

VDL: fortified either before fermentation or right after it starts. Keeps character of unfermented must, no character of yeast or fermentation

VDN: fortified during fermentation, once the fermenting must has reached a certain alcohol percentage or dryness

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13
Q

Fortified appellations Languedoc

A

Muscat de Minerval-110
Muscat de Lunel-110
Muscat de Saint Jean-de-Minervois-125
Muscat de Frontignan (may be either VDN-110 or VDL-185)

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14
Q

Where are the majority of French fortified wines made?

A

Rousillon

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15
Q

Fortified appellations Rousillon

A

Rivesaltes
Muscat de Rivesaltes
Maury
Banyuls

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16
Q

Un-fortified appellations Rousillon

A

Collioure (unfortified from Banyuls)
Côtes du Rousillon
Côtes du Rousillon Villages

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17
Q

Cotes du Rousillon vs Cotes du Rousillon Villages AOP

A

Cotes: blanc, rose, rouge

Villages: rouge only

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18
Q

Collioure AOP
styles
grapes

A

blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon), and Vermentino

rose/ rouge: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan, with Cinsault and Counties

white and rose: max 4g/l
rouge: max 3g/l

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19
Q

Rivesaltes AOP
styles
grapes

A

Ambré, Tuilé, Grenat, Rosé, Hors d’Age, Rancio VDNs
May be varietal wines or blends

Principal Varieties: Grenache (Blanc, Gris, and Noir), Tourbat (Malvoisie de Roussillon), Macabeu
Accessory Varieties: Max. 20% combined Muscat à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie (Muscat Romain)

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20
Q

Rivesaltes AOP
must weight
min RS

A

Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l
Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l

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21
Q

Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP
styles

A

Vin Doux Naturel Blanc: Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie

Vin Doux Naturel Blanc “Muscat de Nöel”: Christmas wines that must be bottled no later than December 1 of the year of harvest

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22
Q

Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP
abv
must weight
min RS

A

Minimum Potential Alcohol: 21.5% (15% acquired)
Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l
Minimum Residual Sugar: 100 g/l

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23
Q

What are Ambré and Tuilé Rivesaltes?

A

VDN Styles of Rivesaltes. aged in an oxidative enrironment until at least March 1 or the third year following harvest

Principal Varieties: Grenache (Blanc, Gris, and Noir), Tourbat (Malvoisie de Roussillon), Macabeu
Accessory Varieties: Max. 20% combined Muscat à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie (Muscat Romain)

Tuilé: Grenache noir must be present

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24
Q

What does Grenat refer to?

A

Style of Rivesaltes. Must include Grenache Noir. aged reductively for one year, must be bottled before June 30 of second year

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25
Two methods of aging Rivesaltes
Glass bonbonnes in the sun Solera
26
Rivesaltes Rose, Ambre, Tuilé aging
Rosé: Wines must be bottled no later than December 31 of the year following the harvest. Ambré and Tuilé: Wines must be aged in an oxidative environment and released on September 1 of the second year following the harvest year.
27
How long must Rivesaltes Hors d'Age be aged?
Minimum 5 years
28
Maury AOP grapes and style
Rouge: 60-80% Grenache. Max 3g/l VDN, mostly from Grenache Noir, Blanc, and Gris. Min 45 g/l Rousillon
29
Banyuls AOP grapes
Can be blanc, ambré, rosé, rimage, traditionelle (min 50% gren noir), hors d’age blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon) rouge: grenache is principal, with Carignan, Cinsault, Counoise, Grenache Gris, Syrah, Mourvèdre Minimum Potential Alcohol: 21.5% (15% acquired) Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l Enrichment: Chaptalization is prohibited Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l Rousillon
30
Banyuls AOP abv must weight min RS
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 21.5% (15% acquired) Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l Enrichment: Chaptalization is prohibited Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l
31
Banyuls Grand Cru AOP grapes and aging
VDN min 75% Grenache Noir min 30 months in barrel Banyuls Grand Cru: Min. 30 months in barrel, not to be released until June 1 of the third year following the harvest Banyuls Grand Cru "Hors d'Age": Wines may not be released until September 1 of the fifth year following the harvest
32
How is vintage dated Banyuls labeled?
"rimage" typically bottled within 1 year
33
Bergerac and Côtes de Bergerac AOP styles, grapes
Côtes indicates higher minimum alcohol- Côtes does not make rose blanc: Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Muscadelle- min 50% of these, must have 2 grapes rosé, rouge: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cot, and Merlot- min 50% of these, must have 2 grapes blanc/rouge: max 3g/l rosé: max 10g/l SW France
34
Bergerac sweet wine appellations
Monbazillac - botrytized, bdx varieties Saussignac Rosette Haut-Montravel Côtes de Montravel
35
Main appellations for dry wines SW France
Cahors Madiran Jurancon Gaillac
36
Cahors wine style grapes
Red only. Min 70% Cot (Malbec) with Tannat and Merlot SW France
37
Montravel AOP styles grapes
SW France. Dry: blanc: Sémillon, min. 25% combined Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris, plus Muscadelle (Ondenc accessory) rouge: must include Merlot, with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Cot
38
Synonym for Malbec in SW France
Cot, in Cahors
39
Patrick Ducournau contribution to winemaking?
Madiron winemaker, developed the technique of micro-oxygenation to soften Tannat
40
Madiran grapes soil
Min 50% Tannat, with Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Fer Clay (with greppe limestone subsoil) SW France
41
Jurancon grapes sweetness
Gros Manseng (used in Jurancon Sec); Petit Manseng (good for sweet wines) accessories: Lauzet, Courbu, Petit Courbu, and Camaralet de Lasseube Blanc Sec: max. 4 g/l Blanc: min. 40 g/l (35 g/l prior to 2011) VT: min. 55 g/l (35 g/l prior to 2011) Manual harvesting is mandatory for all wines, and grapes must be harvested in successive tries (except for Blanc Sec). Grapes for VT wines may not be harvested earlier than November 2. SW France
42
Major appellations in Languedoc
Fitou Corbieres Limoux Picpoul de Pinet
43
What are the main grapes on Corsica?
Nielluccio (Sangiovese variant) Sciacarello Vermentino (Rolle) Grenache Barbarossa +other rhone
44
Vin de Corse AOP- grapes? Sub zones?
White, rosé, red red and rosé: min 50% combined: Nielluccio, Sciacarello, Grenache. also: Barbarossa, other Rhône grapes whites from min 75% Vermentino, Max. 25% Ugni Blanc (Rossola), max. 10% combined Biancu Gentile, Codivarta, and Genovèse geographical designations: Calvi, Figari, Porto-Vecchio, Coteaux du Cap Corse, Sartène
45
List the appellations on Corsica
generic: Vin de Corse Ajaccio AOP Patrimonio AOP vdn: Muscat du Cap Corse
46
Côtes de Provence AOP- grapes and styles allowed?
Blanc: Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Sémillon, Vermentino, and Verdejo (max. 5%) Rouge / Rosé: Cinsault, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and Tibouren for rose and red: min 50% principal grapes, must include at least 2 grapes
47
Côtes de Provence - grapes for rouge and rosé
Cinsault, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Tibouren min 50% principal, must include at least 2 grapes
48
Côtes de Provence blanc grapes
Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Sémillon, Vermentino, Verdejo (max 5%)
49
Côtes de Provence subzones?
Pierrefeu Sainte-Victoire Fréjus Notre-Dame des Anges La Londe- also allows white, min 50% Vermentino all: red and rose.
50
subzone of Côtes de Provence that allows white wine
La Londe - allows white, rose, red the others are only rose, red
51
Bandol AOP styles grapes
Communes of Production: Bandol, Le Beausset, La Cadière-d'Azur, Le Castellet, Évenos, Ollioules, Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer, Sanary-sur-Mer blanc: 50-95% Clairette, plus Bourboulenc and Ugni Blanc rose: 20-95% Mourvèdre, plus Cinsault and Grenache rouge: 50-95% Mourvèdre, plus Cinsault and Grenache max 3 g/l (4 g/l for reds w/ potential alc > 14%) Maximum Yield (Rendement de Base): 40 hl/ha Principal Soils: Limestone, Sandy Marl, Sandstone
52
Bandol AOP soil
Limestone, Sandy Marl, Sandstone
53
Bandol Aging
Blanc/Rosé: May not be released before March 1 of the year following the harvest Rouge: Min. 18 months in wood, may not be released before May 1 of the second year following the harvest
54
Bandol min must weight min alcohol
Minimum Potential Alcohol: Blanc/Rosé: 11.5% Rouge: 12% Minimum Must Weight: Blanc/Rosé: 187 g/l Rouge: 207 g/l
55
List 3 producers Côtes de Provence
Château d'Esclans Domaine du Jas d'Esclans (Grand Cru) Minuty (Grand Cru) Château Galoupet (Grand Cru) Domaine Ott Clos Sibonne (Grand Cru) Peyrassol Château de Selle (Grand Cru, part of Domaine Ott)
56
List 3 producers Bandol
Domaine Tempier Château de Pibarnon Château Pradeux Domaine du Gros Noré Domaine de Terrebrune
57
Palette AOP- where is it? Producer?
Provence, Château Simone only producer of note. lots of grapes blanc: Min. 55% combined Picardin (Araignan), Clairette, Bourboulenc, and Clairette Rosé
58
Cassis AOP- where is it? Grapes?
Provence Clairette & Marsanne are best
59
Bellet - where is it? Grapes?
Provence. All 3 colors Rolle (Vermentino) is best
60
Two producers bottling IGP wines in Provence?
Domaine de Trévallon- located in Les Baux de Provence, releases cabernet based IGP wines Domaine de Triennes- located in Coteaux Varois en Provence, releases cabernet based IGP wines
61
What is the only French appellation outside of Bordeaux to publish a ranking of grand cru classé estates? List 3 still producing wine?
Côtes de Provence- originally classified 23 estates in 1955, now 18 are left. It has never been revised or modified. Clos Cibonne Château Minuty Domaine du Jas d'Esclans
62
Coteaux Varois en Provence AOP styles grapes
blanc: min 30% Vermentino rose/ rouge: GSM, Cinsault principal, must be blends
63
What is the northernmost appellation in Provence?
Coteaux de Pierrevert
64
What is Rosesse a synonym for in Provence?
Tibouren
65
What is Rosola a synonym for in Corsica?
Ugni Blanc / Trebbiano
66
Gaillac - Where is this? Wine styles
SW France wines of all 3 colors, late harvest white, sparkling methode gaillacoise = ancenstral method, from Mauzac
67
Synonym for Vermentino on Corsica?
Malvoisie de Corse
68
Synonym for Sciacarello on Corsica?
Mammolo
69
Synonym for Ugni Blanc on Corsica?
Rossola
70
What are the subzones of Vin de Corse AOP?
Calvi, Figari, Porto-Vecchio, Coteaux du Cap Corse, Sartène
71
Under which appellationis most Corsican wine released?
most is IGP - Ile de Beauté IGP
72
Describe the climate and geography of Corsica
Mediterranean- lots of sun, little rainfall. most mountainous island in the mediterranean lots of granite based soils, and some limestone in the south
73
What are the 3 named winds on Corsica
Libeccio wind from Gibraltar is the most frequent, bringing rain to the west coast. The Gregale from the Appennines in the northeast and brings rain to the island. The Mistral is derived from Provence and is particularly dry and violent. because of these, vines are trained in the gobelet style
74
Patrimonio AOP - styles and grapes used?
Blanc: 100% Vermentino (Malvoisie de Corse) Rosé: Min. 75% Nielluccio, plus Grenache, Sciaccarello (Mammolo), and Vermentino Rouge: Min. 90% Nielluccio, plus Grenache, Sciaccarello (Mammolo), and Vermentino
75
Ajaccio AOP - styles and grapes used?
Blanc: Min. 80% Vermentino (Malvoisie de Corse), plus Ugni Blanc (Rossola) and a max. 10% combined Biancu Gentile, Codivarta, and/or Genovese Red & Rosé: Principal Varieties: Min. 60% combined Sciaccarello (Mammolo) (min. 40%), Nielluccio, Barbaroux (Barbarossa), and Vermentino Accessory Varieties: Grenache, Cinsault, Carignan (max. 15%), plus a max. 10% combined Aleatico, Carcajolo Nero, and/or Morrastel (Minustello)
76
What style of wine is made in Muscat du Cap Corse AOP?
Vin du Naturel from Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
77
List 3 producers of Muscat du Cap Corse
Mattei Antoine Arena Domaine Leccia
78
List 3 producers of dry Corsican wine
Domaine Comte Abatucci Clos Canarelli Domaine Vico Domaine de Vaccelli Domaine Maestracci Domaine Pinelli
79
What is maquis?
Also called Macchia- name for the Corsican scrubland. A variety of plants, herbs, flowers that some producers say lend aromatic qualities to the wines - myrtle, immortelle, and juniper bushes
80
Floc de Gascogne what is it? styles grapes
Vin de Liqueur in SW France blanc: Min. 70% combined Colombard, Gros Manseng, Ugni Blanc (no single variety may exceed 50%)- must be min 2 grapes rose: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Fer, Merlot, Cot (Malbec), and a max. 50% Tannat- may be a single variety (but NOT Tannat)
81
Floc de Gascogne abv fortification aging
16-18% alcohol fortification with Armagnac of at least 52% abv. (prior to mutage, the Armagnac must be aged until at least April 1 of the year following distillation) Élevage: Floc de Gascogne may not be released until at least March 15 of the year following the harvest
82
Restanques
stone terraces in Bandol- Ch. Pibarnon makes a Bandol Rouge called Les Restanques
83
name for hillside terraces in Bandol
restanques
84
Saint-Chinian AOP subzones styles
subzones: Berlou, Roquebrun- both red only. Égrappage (destemming) is mandatory for "Berlou" wines all 3 colors, but mostly red wine. was known for carbonically macerated Carignan, now more known for rhone red blends Languedoc
85
Boutenac AOP grapes soil
red min 70% combined Grenache, Mourvedre, Carignan. no variety may exceed 80% of blend Carignan must be harvested manually Sandstone soil Languedoc
86
Grand Rousillon AOP styles grapes abv rs
VDN: blanc, rose, rouge, rancio principal: grenache (all), tourbat (malvoisie de rousillon), macabeu min 21.5% potential min 45 g/l RS may be released Sept 1 3rd year following harvest
87
Marcillac AOP
in SW France. Red and rosé 80% Fer plus Prunelard, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot Cabernet Franc is allowed as a secondary grape, if the vines were planted before 1990
88
AOCs of Dordogne Valley (9)
Bergerac, Cotes de Bergerac, Montravel, Côtes de Montravel, Haut Montravel, Monbazillac, Saussignac, Rosette, Pécharmant
89
Dordogne AOC for dry red only
Pécharmant: CF, CS, Merlot, Côt (all < 65%)
90
Which Dordogne AOC produces SGN wines?
Monbazillac (85 g/l)
91
Most planted SW France appellation?
Bergerac - around 10,000 ha Cahors is second with 4,000
92
AOPs of Garonne Valley
Cotes de Duras, Cotes du Marmandais, Buzet, Brulhois, Saint Sardos, Fronton
93
Brulhois AOP
SW France rose and red, principal CF, Merlot, Tannat
94
Buzet AOP
SW France white, rose, red, bdx varieties
95
Béarn AOP
SW France white: petit and gros mansent, raffiat de moncade (min 50%) rose and red must include Tannat
96
Correze AOP
SW France dry white: chenin dry red: CF Vin de Paille: CF, CS, Merlot, Chard, SB
97
Red only appellations of SW France
Cahors Madiran Pécharmant
98
Fréjus
subzone of Côtes de Provence rose: min 70% principal varieties (GSM), min 50% combined Grenache and/or Tibouren red: min 50% Syrah
99
3 expensive provence rose
Muse de Miraval d'Esclans Garrus Esclans les Clans Ch. Simone Palette Domaine Ott Ch. de Selle Minuty Cuvée 281 all over $60
100
Tempier rouge bottlings
Bandol Cuvée Cabassou - Mourvedre w/Syrah and Cinsault Cuvée la Tourtine - Mourvedre w/Grenache and Cinsault Cuvée la Migoua (MGSC)
101
What is Le Causses in Cahors?
the plateau, rising to 980 ft

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