Fucking bitch ass final Flashcards

1
Q

Universal currency of free energy in biological systems

A

ATP

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2
Q

ATP hydrolysis is (EXERGONIC/ENDERGONIC)

A

EXERGONIC

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3
Q

How does ATP drive metabolism?

A

By shifting the equilibrium of coupled reactions

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4
Q

The high phosphoryl potential of ATP results from what?

A

Structural differences between ATP and its hydrolysis products

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5
Q

Phosphoryl-transfer potential is an important form of:

A

Cellular energy transformation

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6
Q

Delta G when Keq is:

> 1.0:

1.0:

<1.0:

State the direction of the reaction

A

Negative - reaction proceeds forward (to the right)

Zero- reaction is at equilibrium

Positive- Reaction proceeds in reverse (to the left)

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7
Q

Ranking of standard free energies… I think this chart on slide 3 shows what compounds are more reactive?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

Creatine phosphate

ATP (to ADP)

Glucose 1-phosphate

Pyrophosphate

Glucose 6-phosphate

Glycerol 3-phosphate

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8
Q

What does chemical coupling of exergonic and endergonic reactions allow?

A

Allows otherwise unfavorable reactions to be favorable

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9
Q

ATP reacts directly with what in coupled reactions?

A

The metabolite that needs “activation”

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10
Q

Separation of 4 negative charges on ATP in hydrolysis

A

Electrostatic repulsion

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11
Q

What has greater resonance stabilization that ATP?

A

ADP and Pi

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12
Q

Steps of ATP — ADP

A

1- Hydrolysis with relief of charge repulsion

2- Resonance stabilization

3- Ionization

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13
Q

More water can bind to ____ and ____ than to ATP.

What does the water cause?

A

ADP and Pi

Stabilizing the ADP and Pi by hydration

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14
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation fuel _____ and ________

Ex-
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + ADP ——> ?

A

Oxidation and ATP synthesis

3-phosphoglyceric acid

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15
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation proton gradients and ATP syntheses steps

A

1- Gradient created oxidation of fuels pumps protons out (Carbon fuels + O2 —> CO2 + H2O)

2- Gradient used influx of protons forms ATP (ADP + Pi —-> ATP + H2O)

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16
Q

NAD+ and FAD are examples of:

A

Activated electron carriers

17
Q

NAD+

What is the oxidized form?

What is the reduced form?

A

NAD+

NADH

18
Q

FAD

What is the oxidized form?

What is the reduced form?

A

FAD

FADH2

19
Q

Coenzyme A is an example of an:

A

Acyl group carrier

20
Q

Reactive group of Coenzyme A

A

SH on beta Mercaopto-ethylamine unit

21
Q

Units on Coenzyme A

A

Beta-Mercapto-ethylamine unit

And patothenate unit

22
Q

Acyl CoA and Acetyl CoA are examples of:

A

Thioesters

23
Q

Group carried in ATP

A

Phosphoryl

24
Q

NADH and NADPH-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

A

Electrons

Nicotinate (niacin)

25
Q

FADH2-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

A

Electrons

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

26
Q

FMNH2-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

A

Electrons

Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

27
Q

Coenzyme A-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

A

Acyl

Pantothenate

28
Q

Thiamine pyrophosphate-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

A

Aldehyde

Thiamine (vitamin B1)

29
Q

Biotin-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

A

CO2

Biotin

30
Q

Tetrahydrofolate-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

A

One-carbon units

Folate