Unit 5A Flashcards

1
Q

Site of catabolism:

Site of anabolism

A

Catabolism- mitochondria

Anabolism- cytosol

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2
Q

Catabolism produces:

A

Acetyl-CoA and NADH (reducing power)

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3
Q

Anabolism requires:

A

Acetyl-CoA
Malonyl-CoA
Reducing power from NADPH

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4
Q

What happens in the cytosol

A

NADPH production

Storage of NADPH/NADP+

Isoprenoid and sterol synthesis (early stages)

Fatty acid synthesis

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5
Q

What happens in the mitochondria in animals and yeast cells

A

Fatty acid oxidation

Acetyl-CoA production

Ketone body synthesis

Fatty acid elongation

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6
Q

What happens in the ER

A

Phospholipid synthesis

Sterol synthesis (late stages)

Fatty acid elongation

Fatty acid desaturation

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7
Q

Fatty acid synthesis occurs where?

A

In cell compartments where NADPH levels are high and available for reductive synthesis (Cytosol for animals)

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8
Q

Sources of NADPH in adipocytes:

A

Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and malic enzyme.

Here NADPH made as malate converts to pyruvate + CO2

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9
Q

Sources of NADPH in hepatocytes and mammary gland

A

Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)

Here, NADPH is made as glucose-6-phosphate converts to ribulose-6-phosphate

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10
Q

2 routes to produce NADPH and their catalyst

A

1- Malate to pyruvate. Coenzyme: Malic enzyme

2- Glucose-6-phosphate to ribulose-5-phosphate.
Coenzyme: PPP

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11
Q

Steps in fatty acid biosynthesis

A

1- Shuttle of acetyl-coa to cytosol via citrate shuttle

2- Carboxylation of acetyl-coa to malonyl coa via acetyl-coa carboxylase (ACC)

3- Reactions of FA syntheses (remember CRDR)

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12
Q

How is acetyl-coa transported into the cytosol for FA synthesis?

A

Acetyl-coa is converted to citrate with oxaloacetate (catalyzed by citrate synthase)

Citrate then passes through the citrate transporter

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13
Q

Citrate in the cytosol is cleaved by _____ _____, regenerating:

A

citrate lyase

acetyl-coa and oxaloacetate (Reaction requires ATP)

Acetyl Coa can now be used for lipid synthesis

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14
Q

Malate dehydrogenase in the cytosol reduces to:

A

malate

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15
Q

In the cytosol, what can happen to malate?

A

It can be converted to NADPH and pyruvate via the malic enzyme

or it can be converted back to the mt via malate-a-ketogluterate transporter

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16
Q

NADPH is used for

A

lipid synthesis