Fundamentals 1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Gene
A short section of DNA and a functional unit of heredity
Allele
Different versions of a gene
Trait
A characteristic or feature of an organism which is influenced by genes
Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence
Phenotype
The observable characteristics of an organism
Genotype
The entire set of genetic material
Mitosis
Results in 4 genetically identical daughter cells
Meiosis
Results in 2 genetically different gametes
What are Mendels 3 laws of genetics ?
- Law of dominance
- Law of segregation
- Law of independent assortment
What is the law of dominance ?
The recessive allele is masked by the dominant allele
What is the law of segregation?
When gametes form, alleles are separated so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
What is the law of independent assortment ?
The inheritance of one pair of genes is independent of inheritance of another pair
What is the chi squared test for ?
To compare observed results with expected results to determine whether the difference if due to chance
What is the chi squared equation ?
Chi squared = Z (Observed - Expected ) ^2 / Expected
How to interpret the chi-squared result ?
Degrees of freedom= number of catergories - 1
At 0.05 significance level:
If chi-squared value is less than critical value, Accept H0- differences are due to chance, the hypothesis is valid
What were mendels conclusions from the monohybrid cross ?
- Each of the traits is inherited independently of sex= autosomal
- All trait pairs had one dominant and one recessive form= allles
- Traits were transmitted in a particulate, rather than a blended manner
- Each strain must have two identical factors for each trait of which it passes on one
P0
‘Parental’ generation
P1
‘First filial’ generation
P2
‘Second filial’ generation
