Prokaroyte And Extrachromosomal 3

Question 1

Integration

Answer 1

The process by which a plasmid or viral DNA becomes inserted into the host’s chromosomal DNA via homologous recombination

Question 2

Excision

Answer 2

The removal of integrated DNA (e.g. a prophage or plasmid) from the host genome, often catalyzed by specific recombination enzymes

Question 3

Episomal plasmid

Answer 3

A plasmid that can exist both independently in the cytoplasm and integrated into the host genome. Episomes can transition between the two states

Question 4

Hfr Strain (High Frequency Recombination)

Answer 4

A bacterial strain in which a conjugative plasmid (e.g. the F plasmid) has integrated into the bacterial chromosome. When conjugation occurs, parts of the chromosomal DNA (rather than just the plasmid) can be transferred to the recipient cell.

Question 5

What life cycle to prokaryotes have ?

Answer 5

Lytic life cycle- results in cell lysis

Question 6

Describe general transduction

Answer 6

During the lytic cycle, some host DNA fragments may be mistakenly packaged into phage capsids.
• These defective phages inject host DNA into another bacterial cell.
• Injected DNA can recombine with the recipient’s genome via homologous recombination, allowing horizontal gene transfer.

Question 7

What is transformation ?

Answer 7

the uptake and incorporation of free DNA from the environment into a prokaryotic cell