Fundamentals 2

Question 1

How does Meiosis explain Mendels second law: segregation?

Answer 1

During anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
This separates the 2 alleles an individual has.

Question 2

How does Meiosis explain Mendels third law: independent assortment?

Answer 2

During metaphase I, homologous chromosome pairs line up at the centre.
This means that chromosomes from different pairs can assort into gametes in any combination.

Question 3

Describe crossing over

Answer 3

Recombination that occurs in the first meiotic prophase (Pachytene) , reshuffling alleles between homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes

Question 4

What are test crosses ?

Answer 4

When you cross an organism with a dominant phenotype (but unknown genotype) with an organism that is homozygous recessive for the same trait.
It is to figure out whether the dominant looking individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

Question 5

What is the product rule ?

Answer 5

It states that the probability of two independent events both occurring is the product of their individual probabilities

Question 6

Autosomal

Answer 6

Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes