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command & control Y2 > Fundamentals W1 > Flashcards

Fundamentals W1 Flashcards

1
Q

right/left handed link to cerebral dominance?

A

right handed individuals - left hemisphere almost always dominant
left handed individuals - right side dominant 50% of time

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2
Q

which lobes in the brain have a dominant and non-dominant side?

A

parietal and temporal lobes have non-dominant and dominant sides

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3
Q

functions of the frontal lobes?

A

executive function
movement
behaviour
planning

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4
Q

areas of frontal lobes

A

primary and supplementary motor cortex
specialised areas for control of eye movements speech, micturition

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5
Q

what is disinhibition?

A

inability to withhold an inappropriate or unwanted behaviour

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6
Q

what is contralateral hemiparesis

A

one-sided muscle weakness on side of body opposite to brain injury

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7
Q

what is versive head movements

A

forced involuntary sustained movements of the head

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8
Q

frontal release signs meaning?

A

primitive reflexes

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9
Q

frontal lobe - cognitive/behavioural effects of damage?

A

disinhibition
lack of initiation
antisocial behaviour
impaired memory
expressive dysphasia
incontinence

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10
Q

frontal lobe - associated physical signs from damage?

A

impaired smell
contralateral hemiparesis
frontal release signs

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11
Q

frontal lobe - positive phenomena effects of damage?

A

seizures (often nocturnal with motor activity)
versive head movements

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12
Q

parietal lobes function?

A

integrates sensory perception, language, numeracy

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13
Q

parietal lobes types?

A

dominant and non-dominant

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14
Q

what is the non-dominant parietal lobe associated with?

A

spatial awareness, orientation and constructional skills

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15
Q

what can damage of the dominant parietal lobe lead to? (cognitive/behavioural)

A

dysphasia
acalculia
dyslexia
apraxia
agnosia

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16
Q

what can damage of the non-dominant parietal lobe lead to? (cognitive/behavioural)

A

neglect of contralateral side
spatial disorientation
constructional apraxia
dressing apraxia

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17
Q

what is agnosia?

A

inability to recognise and identify objects/persons/sounds

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18
Q

what is acalculia?

A

acquired disorder in calculation abilities

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19
Q

what is apraxia?

A

loss of ability to carry out skilled movement and gestures despite having the physical ability to perform them

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20
Q

damage to parietal lobe - associated physical signs?

A

contralateral hemisensory loss
astereognosis
agraphaesthesia
contralateral homonymous lower quadrantanopia

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21
Q

damage to parietal lobe - positive phenomena?

A

focal sensory seizures

22
Q

temporal lobes functions?

A

memory, language functions, verbal comprehension, primary auditory complex, primary vestibular complex, musical processing?

23
Q

temporal lobes - which side plays which role in musical processing?

A

dominant side - rhythm
non-dominant - melody/pitch

24
Q

cognitive/behavioural effects of damage to dominant temporal lobe?

A

receptive aphasia
dyslexia
impaired verbal memory

25
Q

cognitive/behavioural effects of damage to non-dominant temporal lobe?

A

impaired non-verbal memory
impaired musical skills (tonal perception)

26
Q

associated physical signs to damage of temporal lobe?

A

contralateral homonymous upper quadrantanopia

27
Q

positive phenomena associated with damage to temporal lobes?

A

complex hallucinations (smell, sound, vision, memory)

28
Q

occipital lobes function?

A

visual interpretation

29
Q

result of damage to occipital lobe - associated physical signs?

A

homonymous hemianopia

30
Q

what is homonymous hemianopia?

A

field loss deficit in the same halves of the visual field of each eye

31
Q

result of damage to the occipital lobes - cognitive/behavioural?

A

visual inattention, visual loss, visual agnosia

32
Q

result of damage to occipital lobe - positive phenomena?

A

simple visual hallucinations

33
Q

sensory homunculi - middle to lateral?

A

leg-arm-face-teeth-tongue

34
Q

motor homunculi - middle to lateral?

A

toes-knee-trunk-arm-neck-face-tongue

35
Q

what are basal ganglia concerned with?

A

motor control

36
Q

what is the thalamus responsible for?

A

level of attention to sensory perception

37
Q

what is the limbic system concerned with

A

emotion and memory

38
Q

what is the hypothalamus responsible for

A

homeostasis - eg temperature, appetite control

39
Q

what is found deep to the grey matter in the cortices and the white matter

A

basal ganglia
thalamus
limbic system
hypothalamus

40
Q

which nerves does the brainstem mostly house

A

cranial nerves (nuclei and projections)

41
Q

what do cranial nerve nuclei provide motor control to

A

muscles of head (inc face and eyes)

42
Q

what do cranial nerve nuclei coordinate

A

sensory input from the special sense organs and the face, nose, mouth, larynx and pharynx

43
Q

reticular formation function?

A

control of conjugate eye movements, maintenance of balance and arousal, cardiorespiratory control

44
Q

cerebellum - which half controls which side of body?

A

right controls right, left controls left

45
Q

cerebellum functions?

A

finetune and coordinate movements initiated by motor cortex
involved in planning and learning of skilled movements
controls smoothness of eye movements, accuracy of limb movement, distance of targets, rapid regularly alternating movements, coordination of gait and posture

46
Q

descending tracts in the spinal cord? sensory or motor?

A

lateral corticospinal tract
motor

47
Q

ascending tracts in the spinal cord? motor or sensory?

A

dorsal columns
lateral spinothalamic tract
ventral spinothalamic tract
sensory

48
Q

dorsal columns function?

A

fine touch
proprioception
vibration

49
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract function?

A

pain, temperature

50
Q

ventral spinothalamic tract function?

A

light touch

51
Q
A

command & control Y2 (61 decks)

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