Fungi

Question 1

What are fungi?

Answer 1

Fungi are a group of heterotrophic living things.

Question 2

Are there autotrophic fungi?

Answer 2

No, there are no autotrophic fungi.

Question 3

What types of organisms can fungi be?

Answer 3

Fungi can be single or multicellular organisms.

Question 4

What are fungi made up of?

Answer 4

Fungi are made up of thread-like structures called hyphae.

Question 5

What do many hyphae combine to form?

Answer 5

Many hyphae combine to form mycelium.

Question 6

What is the cell wall of fungi made from?

Answer 6

The cell wall of fungi is made up from chitin.

Question 7

What type of nuclei do most fungi have?

Answer 7

Most fungi have haploid nuclei for the main part of their cell cycle.

Question 8

What is the study of fungi called?

Answer 8

The study of fungi is called mycology.

Question 9

What does it mean for fungi to be eukaryotic?

Answer 9

Eukaryotic means an organism that has a distinct nucleus or membrane-bound organelle.

Question 10

What is nutrition in the context of organisms?

Answer 10

Nutrition is the way in which an organism obtains & uses food.

Question 11

What are saprophytic fungi?

Answer 11

Fungi that obtain their food from dead, organic matter.

Question 12

What are parasitic fungi?

Answer 12

Fungi which obtain their food from a living host.

Question 13

What are obligate parasites?

Answer 13

Fungi that live on live hosts but do not usually kill them.

Question 14

What are facultative parasites?

Answer 14

Fungi that kill the host and feed on the remains.

Question 15

What is symbiosis?

Answer 15

When 2 organisms live in close association & at least 1 of them benefits.

Question 16

What is Rhizopus?

Answer 16

A saprophytic fungus that lives off dead organic matter, e.g., bread.

Question 17

What is the structure of Rhizopus?

Answer 17

Rhizopus exists as a mass of threadlike structures called hyphae, which spread out in all directions during growth.

Question 18

What does a sporangium do?

Answer 18

Holds the spores.

Question 19

What is an apophysis?

Answer 19

Supports the sporangium.

Question 20

What is a columella?

Answer 20

Helps with support & provides food for spore nutrition.

Question 21

What are spores?

Answer 21

Asexual reproduction.

Question 22

What is a stolon?

Answer 22

Growth & reproduction.

Question 23

What are rhizoids?

Answer 23

Hyphae that grow downwards into their substrate.

Question 24

What is a sporangiophore?

Answer 24

Hyphae that grow upwards from their substrate.

Question 25

What do many hyphae together (Sporangium, Rhizoids, & stolon) form?

Answer 25

Mycelium.

Question 26

What are the functions of rhizoids?

Answer 26

Anchor the fungus to their substrate and release digestive enzymes into the substrate.

Question 27

What is asexual reproduction in fungi?

Answer 27

Sporulation, where sporangiophores grow upwards and produce haploid spores.

Question 28

What occurs during sexual reproduction in fungi?

Answer 28

Hyphae from opposite strains grow close together, leading to fertilization and formation of a zygospore.

Question 29

What are unsuitable conditions for fungi?

Answer 29

Incorrect temperature, lack of nutrition, incorrect pH.

Question 30

How does yeast reproduce?

Answer 30

By budding, where the nucleus of the parent cell divides and forms a new individual.

Question 31

What are economic advantages of fungi?

Answer 31

Fungi are used to make beer & bread and produce some antibiotics.

Question 32

What are economic disadvantages of fungi?

Answer 32

Fungi can cause parasites on humans, e.g., athlete's foot, and affect crops like corn & wheat.

Question 33

What is the mode of nutrition for fungi?

Answer 33

Heterotrophic.

Question 34

Why is heterotrophic nutrition important in nature?

Answer 34

It recycles materials.

Question 35

What environmental condition may stimulate sexual reproduction?

Answer 35

Lack of nutrients.

Question 36

What is an example of a unicellular fungus?

Answer 36

Yeast.

Question 37

What is an example of a multicellular fungus?

Answer 37

Rhizopus.

Question 38

Which biomolecule does chitin belong to?

Answer 38

Carbohydrates.

Question 39

What structure is found in plant cells but not in fungi?

Answer 39

Chloroplasts.

Question 40

What is a heterotrophic organism?

Answer 40

An organism that cannot make its own food.

Question 41

How does the genetic make-up of a new yeast cell relate to that of the parent cell?

Answer 41

Identical, as it's reproduced by mitosis.

Question 42

Why are daughter cells of yeast clones of the parent cell?

Answer 42

Because new cells are produced by mitosis.

Question 43

Why is sporangium associated with asexual reproduction?

Answer 43

Because reproduction is asexual as the spores develop from one parent.

Question 44

Name a form of nutrition employed by fungi that is not saprophytic.

Answer 44

Parasitic.

Question 45

What is the role of gametangia?

Answer 45

Sexual reproduction.

Question 46

Name a fungus that plays an important role in the baking industry.

Answer 46

Yeast, as CO2 is produced.

Question 47

What organism reproduces by budding?

Answer 47

Yeast.

Question 48

What can treat fungal infections but is of no use against viral infections?

Answer 48

Antibiotics.

Question 49

Which form of reproduction results in the formation of a zygospore?

Answer 49

Sexual.

Question 50

What is an advantage and disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

Answer 50

Advantage: no variation.

Question 51

What is an example of an edible mushroom?

Answer 51

Field mushroom.

Question 52

What is an example of a poisonous mushroom?

Answer 52

Death Cap.