cell structure and the microscope Flashcards
what is a cell
the smallest unit of matter that can carry all process of life
what is a eukaryotic cell
contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles eg animal, plant, funghi
what is a prokaryotic cell
no nucleus or membrane bound organelles eg bacteria
what are the organelles in animal cell
nucleus (nuclear pore, chromatin, nuclear membrane), ribosomes, mitochondrion, cell membrane, cytoplasm.
what are the organelles in plant cell
nucleus (nuclear pore, chromatin, nuclear membrane) mitochondrion, chloroplast, ribosomes, vacuole, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall
what organelles in an animal cell can only be seen by an electron microscope
mitochondria and ribosomes
what organelles in an plant cell can only be seen by an electron microscope
mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts
what are cell membranes made up of
a phospholipid bi layer(phosphate head faced out and lipid tail on the inside) and proteins
what are the functions of cell membranes
holds cell contents, gives shape, support and protection, semi permeable- allows some molecules to move freely in but not other, contains receptors which recognise molecules that touch them
what are the features of the mitochondria
double membrane (inner and outer) both semipermeable, inner membrane is highly folded to increase surface area, lumen in the middle
what are the functions of the mitochondria
provide energy to the cell during krebs cycle and electron transport chain of respiration
what is the structure of the nucleus
double membrane, both semi permeable which has numerous nuclear pores to allow passage of substances, contains chromatin which are condensed chromosomes, nucleolus is made of and produces rRNA
what is the function of the nucleus
control all functions in cell, nucleolus produces rRNA which makes up part of ribosomes, nuclear pore allows passage of certain substances
what is the function of ribosome
produce proteins
what are the functions of the cytoplasm
hold all cell organelles, provide a medium in which biochemical reactions can occur, help transport substance
what are the features of a chloroplast
chloroplast DNA, grana, stroma, starch grain, inner and outer membrane
what is the function of the grana
absorbing sunlight and the light stage of photosynthesis occurs here
what is the function of the stroma
where the dark stage of photosynthesis occurs
what is the cell wall composed of
cellulose/fibre and pectin, calcium pectate and protein
what is the function of the vacuole
structural support but also storage
what is the function of the microscopes lens
magnification
what is the function of the microscopes stage
to place the slide on
what is the function of the microscopes clip
hold the slide in place
what is the function of the microscopes diaphragm
to control the amount of light
