Genetics Flashcards
(52 cards)
What are chromosomes made of?
Chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein.
What is the length of a chromosome composed of?
The length of a chromosome is made up of many units of DNA called genes.
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that codes for the formation of a protein.
What does ‘locus’ refer to?
Locus refers to the position of a gene on a chromosome.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes which carry genes for the same characteristics or traits.
What are alleles?
Alleles are alternative forms of the same gene.
What is a dominant allele?
The allele that gets expressed over the other allele
How is a dominant allele represented?
A dominant allele is represented by an uppercase letter.
What is a recessive allele?
A recessive allele is an allele whose expression is prevented by the dominant allele.
How is a recessive allele represented?
A recessive allele is represented by a lowercase letter.
What is a genotype?
The genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism.
What is a phenotype?
The phenotype is the physical makeup of an organism.
What are homozygous alleles?
Homozygous alleles are a pair of identical alleles for a characteristic or trait.
What are heterozygous alleles?
Heterozygous alleles are a pair of different alleles for a characteristic.
What is incomplete dominance?
Incomplete dominance occurs when the heterozygous genotype gives a different phenotype from either of the homozygous genotypes.
What are gametes?
Gametes are haploid cells capable of fusion.
What is fertilisation?
Fertilisation is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
What is progeny?
Progeny are the offspring produced as a result of fertilisation.
What is a pedigree?
A pedigree is a diagram showing the genetic history of a group of related individuals.
Who is known as the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics.
What did Gregor Mendel study?
Gregor Mendel studied characteristics or traits in the garden pea plant.
What is Mendel’s First Law?
Mendel’s First Law, the Law of Segregation, states that inherited characteristics are controlled by pairs of alleles which separate during gamete formation.
What is a monohybrid cross?
A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross involving the study of one characteristic.
What is Mendel’s Second Law?
Mendel’s Second Law, the Law of Independent Assortment, states that during gamete formation either allele in a pair may enter a gamete with either allele in another pair.
