Structure And Transport Of Flowering Plant Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the main functions of the root?
- Anchor the plant in the ground, 2. Absorb water and minerals from the soil, 3. Sometimes store food, 4. Transport water and minerals to the rest of the plant.
What are the two types of roots?
- Fibrous roots: Many equal-sized roots from the stem base (e.g., grass), 2. Tap roots: One main root growing from the radicle (e.g., carrot).
What occurs in the differentiation zone of a root?
Cells develop or differentiate into dermal, vascular, or ground tissue.
What is the main function of the meristematic zone in a root?
Rapid cell division by mitosis.
What are the primary functions of the stem?
- Transport water, minerals from roots to plant parts and food from leaves to other parts, 2. Support leaves, buds, and flowers, 3. Sometimes store food, e.g., potato.
What is a bud, and what are the types of buds?
A bud is an undeveloped shoot responsible for growth. Types: Apical buds (at the tip, cause upward growth) and Lateral buds (cause outward growth, producing side shoots and branches).
What are the main functions of the leaf?
- Make food by photosynthesis, 2. Exchange gases, 3. Transpiration, 4. Sometimes store food (e.g., lettuce, spinach, cabbage).
What is the function of dermal tissue in plants?
Protection. In roots, it helps absorb water and minerals, often covered by a waxy cuticle on leaves.
What is the function of ground tissue in plants?
Storage, photosynthesis, strength, and support.
What are the two types of cells in xylem tissue?
- Xylem tracheids: Long, tapered cells, overlap with pits, allow sideways water movement, 2. Xylem vessels: Elongated cells with no end walls, continuous tube, wider than tracheids, more efficient, contain side-wall pits.
What is phloem tissue composed of, and what is its main function?
Phloem sieve tubes and companion cells; phloem transports food through translocation.
List the differences between monocots and dicots.
Monocots: One cotyledon, scattered vascular bundles, parallel leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of 3, fibrous roots (e.g., grasses). Dicots: Two cotyledons, vascular bundles in a ring, netted leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5, tap roots (e.g., roses, dandelions).
Describe the path of water transport in a flowering plant.
Root hairs → ground tissue → xylem → ground tissue → air space → stoma → atmosphere.
What is transpiration?
The loss of water by evaporation from the surface of a leaf.
What causes root pressure in plants?
The continuous build-up of water in the xylem.
How does mineral uptake occur in plants?
Minerals (e.g., calcium, magnesium) enter roots dissolved in water by diffusion, then active transport if needed, and are transported in xylem.
What role do stomata play in gaseous exchange?
They open during the day to allow CO2 in for photosynthesis and close at night to reduce water loss.
What is a modified root? Give an example.
A root adapted for food storage, e.g., carrot.
What is a modified stem? Give an example.
A stem adapted for storage, e.g., potato stem tubers.
Describe the longitudinal sections/zones of a root and their functions.
- Differentiation zone: Cells develop or differentiate into dermal, vascular, or ground tissue, 2. Elongation zone: Cells increase in size and elongate, 3. Meristematic zone: Rapid cell division by mitosis, 4. Protection zone: Protects the growing root tip.
What is the shoot system of a flowering plant composed of?
An upright stem bearing buds, leaves, and flowers.
Describe the structure of a leaf.
Lamina (flattened blade), Petiole (attaches leaf to stem), Sessile (leaves without petiole), Veins contain vascular tissue.
What are the two types of leaf venation? Give examples.
- Netted: Veins form a net-like pattern, e.g.rose,
- Parallel: Veins run parallel, e.g., grass.
What are the three main types of tissues in plants, and where do they develop from?
All develop from meristematic tissue. Types: 1. Dermal (outer covering), 2. Ground (inside the plant), 3. Vascular (transport).
