Fungi

Question 1

Yeast

Answer 1

unicellular, typically spherical fungi

Question 2

hyphae

Answer 2

threadlike, branching, cylindrical tubules composed of fungal cells

Question 3

molds

Answer 3

multicellular colonies composed of clumps

Question 4

spores

Answer 4

reproducing bodies of mold

Question 5

dimorphic fungi

Answer 5

can grow as yeast or mold depending on environmental conditions

Question 6

saprophytes

Answer 6

live in and use organic matter as energy source

Question 7

essential sterol in fungi

Answer 7

ergosterol

Question 8

Pityriasis versicolor

Answer 8

superficial fungal infection that can lead to hyper or hypopigmented patches of the skin; caused by Malassezia furfur

Question 9

Tinea nigra

Answer 9

superficial fungal infection that causes dark patches on soles of hands and feet; caused by Exophiala werneckii

Question 10

Diagnosis of superficial fungal infections

Answer 10

skin scrapings mixed with KOH

Question 11

Manifestation of keratin digestion

Answer 11

scaling skin, loss of hair, crumbling of nails

Question 12

Tinea corporis

Answer 12

ring shape with red border in cutaneous layer

Question 13

Tinea cruris

Answer 13

itchy red patches on groin and scrotum

Question 14

Tinea pedis

Answer 14

cracking and peeling skin between toes

Question 15

Tinea capitis

Answer 15

red scaly lesions with loss of hair

Question 16

Tinea unguium

Answer 16

nails are thickened and discolored

Question 17

Candida albicans

Answer 17

cutaneous fungal infection that can infect mouth, groin, vagina

Question 18

Sporothrix schenckii

Answer 18

sporotrichosis (occupational hazard for gardeners), subcutaneous nodule that becomes necrotic and ulcerates, follows lymphatic vessels

Question 19

Phialophora and Cladosporium

Answer 19

chromoblastomycosis, following a puncture wound a violet colored wartlike lesion develops

Question 20

Histoplasma and blastomyces are endemic in what areas?

Answer 20

areas that drain into Mississippi river

Question 21

Coccidioides is endemic to what areas?

Answer 21

southwest US and northern Mexico

Question 22

Asymptomatic fungal infections

Answer 22

may involve a mild respiratory illness that goes unreported

Question 23

Pneumonia caused fungal infections

Answer 23

mild pneumonia with fever, cough, chest S-ray infiltrates

Question 24

Disseminated fungal infection

Answer 24

meningitis, bone lytic granulomas, skin granulomas and other organ lesions

Question 25

Histoplasma capsulatum features

Answer 25

nonencapsulated, present in bird and bat droppings; inhaled causing infection of lung

Question 26

Blastomyces dermatitidis features

Answer 26

found in soil and rotten wood, rare infection but may cause chronic disseminated disease

Question 27

Coccidioides immitis

Answer 27

mild pneumonia in SW US, common in AIDS patients

Question 28

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii

Answer 28

major manifestation is meningoencephalitis, mostly occurs in immunocompromised pts, may cause HA, nausea, confusion, staggering gait, CN deficits; can also cause pneumonia, skin ulcers and bone lesions

Question 29

Candida albicans

Answer 29

typically seen in women with vaginitis, babies with diaper rash, AIDS pts, etc.

Question 30

Diseases caused by Candida albicans in immunocompetent patients

Answer 30

oral thrush, vaginitis, diaper rash

Question 31

Diseases caused by Candida albicans in immunocompromised patients

Answer 31

esophagitis, disseminated (found in blood)

Question 32

Aspergillus major diseases

Answer 32

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, aspergilloma, invasive aspergillosis

Question 33

Manifestations of ABPA

Answer 33

asthma-type reaction, type 1 hypersensitivity

Question 34

Aspergilloma

Answer 34

ball of fungus found in lung cavitations (malignancies or tuberculosis)

Question 35

Mucormycosis

Answer 35

opportunistic disease typically seen in pts with acidosis, immunocompromised, burn patients, or pts on deferoxamine; rhinocerebral and pulmonary involvement

Question 36

Actinomyces Israelii

Answer 36

bacteria acting like fungi, G+ rod; causes eroding abscesses; sulfur granules are often found in abscesses

Question 37

Nocardia asteroides

Answer 37

G+ rod; acid-fast and very similar to TB, immunocompromised pts are most at risk