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Intro to Viruses Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Unique characteristics of viruses

A

energy-less, composed of a capsid surrounding genetic material

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2
Q

Types of RNA virus genome

A

positive and negative stranded

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3
Q

Positive stranded RNA

A

just like mRNA, can immediately be translated

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4
Q

Negative stranded RNA

A

must be transcribed to a positive strand, carry their own RNA polymerase

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5
Q

DNA viruses

A

Herpes, Hepadna, Adeno, Papova, Parvo, Pox

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6
Q

Types of capsid

A

icosahedral, helical

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7
Q

Parvoviridae DNA

A

single stranded

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8
Q

Poxviridae genome

A

very complex, dsDNA, surrounded by structural proteins

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9
Q

DNA viruses with envelopes

A

Herpes, Hepadna, Pox

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10
Q

Dna viruses without envelopes

A

Papova, Adeno, Parvo

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11
Q

RNA viruses

A

poliovirus, coxackie, hepatitis, rhinovirus, rotavirus, yellow fever, dengue, west nile, influenza, corona

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12
Q

dsRNA virus

A

Reoviridae

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13
Q

nonenveloped RNA virus

A

picorna, calici, reoviridae

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14
Q

Steps of viral replication

A

adsorption and penetration; uncoating; synthesis and assembly of products; release of virions

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15
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

A

flu virus; fever, chills, headaches, malaise, myalgias, dry cough, sore throat, runny nose

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16
Q

Orthomyxoviridae structure

A

spherical virions, RNA strands held together with a protein; glycoproteins and M proteins surround RNA

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17
Q

Hemagglutinin

A

can attach to sialic acid receptors (present on RBCs and upper respiratory epithelium)

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18
Q

Neuramnidase

A

mucosal epithelial cells and upper respiratory tract covered with neuraminic acid which is cleaved/disrupted by neuraminidase

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19
Q

Types of influenza virus

A

A, B, C

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20
Q

Why do we continually get epidemics of influenza?

A

antigenic drift, mutations in HA or NA

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21
Q

Antigenic shift

A

complete change of HA or NA or both

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22
Q

Complications of influenza

A

viral pneumonia, lowers host defense and increases susceptibility to bacterial infections

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23
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

severe liver and brain disease following aspirin administration in children with influenza or varicella

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24
Q

Diagnostic tests for influenza

A

virus isolation, detection of proteins, detection of nucleic acid, serological diagnosis

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25
Clinical presentation of H5N1
occurs 2-4 days after exposure; high fever, HA, muscle aches, diarrhea, abd pain, vomiting, sore throat, rhinorrhea, cough; progresses to ARDS
26
Paramyxoviridae important characteristics
-RNA in a single strand, HA and NA ore on the same glycoprotein, Fusion protein
27
Common diseases associated with paramyxoviridae
parainfluenza, respiratory syncitial virus, metapneumovirus, mumps, measles; lungs, kids, viremia
28
Parainfluenza presentation
URI, rhinitis, pharyngitis, sinus congestion; croup
29
Respiratory Syncytial Virus presentation
no HA or NA proteins, number one cause of pneumonia in children
30
Metapneumovirus presentation
second most common etiology of lower resp infection in children; bronchioloitis, croup, pneumonia
31
Mumps presentation
replicates in upper resp tract and LN then spreads to distant organs via blood; protitis and orchitis
32
Measles presentation
conjunctivitis, swelling of eyelids, photophobia, hacking cough, rhinitis, malaise followed by wide spread rash (Koplik's spots) which spreads downwards
33
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
slow form of encephalitis caused by measles, mental deterioration and incoordination
34
5 RNA viruses that infect the liver
Hepatatis A, C, D, E, G
35
DNA virus that infects the liver
Hepatitis B
36
Acute viral hepatitis
fatigue, low-grade fever, myalgias, cough, rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, jaundice; GGT, ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase elevate
37
Hepatitis A virus characteristics
picornaviridae family, RNA virus, fecal-to-oral transmission
38
Hepatitis B Virus characteristics
Dane particles, dsDNA virus; non-oral transmission
39
Hepatitis B immunity
anti-HBsAg
40
HBV disease marker
HBeAG
41
HBV pathogenesis
acute and chronic hepatitis; cell-mediated attack on HBV results in liver injury, deposition of immune complexes
42
HBV complications
primary hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis
43
Hepatitis D virus
RNA virus transmitted parenterally, requires HBV to replicate
44
Infection of HDV occurs...
co-infection of HBV and HDV, superinfection (HDV infects individual with HBV infection)
45
Hepatitis C virus
leading cause of chronic hepatitis in the US, leading indication for liver transplant
46
Hepatitis C transmission
parenterally
47
HCV manifestations
6 to 12 weeks incubation, most patients will develop chronic hepatitis, some may initially experience symptoms of acute hepatitis
48
Hepatitis E virus
enteric transmission; endemic in Asia, India, Africa, Central America
49
Retroviridae key characteristics
Retro: reverse transcriptase, integrate into host DNA Grow: cause cancer, uncontrolled growth Blow: cytotoxic to certain cells
50
Tropical spastic paraperesis
HTLV-1 paralytic disease
51
HIV structure
spherical, enveloped virion, capsid proteins (p24), gp 120, gp 41
52
HIV Genome
RNA genome with two LTR sequences (gag, pol, env)
53
Most common modes of HIV transmission
MSM, heterosexual transmission, IV drug use, blood transfusion, transplacental
54
HIV cell infection
CD4 interaction with gp 160 on virus
55
Acute viral illness HIV
begins 1 mo after exposure, viremia
56
Clinical latency HIV
lymphadenopathy (potentially), destruction of CD4 T cells
57
AIDS development
CD4<200
58
AIDS defining infection
Candida esophagitis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma
59
Sxs of CD4 400-200
fever, weight loss, night sweats, adenopathy, skin infections, herpes zoster
60
Mechanisms of T-cell death caused by HIV
apoptosis, CD8 killing, Fas:FasL
61
Constitutional AIDS illness
night sweats, fevers, enlarged lymph nodes, weight loss
62
Neurologic Disease of AIDS
encephalopathy (AIDS dementia complex), aseptic meningitis
63
Malignancies common in AIDS
Kaposi's sarcoma, B-cell lymphoma
64
Common bacterial infections in AIDS pts
S. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
65
Common fungal infections in AIDS pts
C. albicans, C. neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)
66
Common viral infections in AIDS pts
Herpes zoster, EBV, Herpes simplex, CMV
67
Common protozoal infections in AIDS pts
Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium, Microsporidia, Isospora belli
68
Diagnosing AIDS/HIV
ELISA test, Western blot, PCR, rapid testing
69
Development of blisters due to herpes
HSV-1, HSV-2 and varicella-zoster cause cell destruction resulting in separation of epithelium and blisters
70
Clinical manifestations of HSV-1 and -2
gingivostomatitis, genital herpes, herpetic keratitis, neonatal herpes, herpetic whitlow, disseminated herpes, encephalitis
71
Varicella-Zoster Virus
causes chicken pox and shingles; infects respiratory tract, highly contagious
72
Varicella
fever, malaise, HA, rash; lesions are common on trunks and are typically superficial
73
Zoster
latent VZV in ganglion begins to replicate
74
CMV
cells become swollen; can be asymptomatic, congenital, mono
75
Congenital CMV
TORCH organism that can cross placenta and cause mental retardation; microcephaly, seizures, deafness
76
Common CMV associated infection after marrow transplant
CMV pneumonoitis
77
Common CMV associated infection in AIDS pts
CMV retinitis
78
CMV diagnosis
culture buffy coat, PCR, antigen test
79
EBV associated diseases
mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, NP cancers
80
What complement receptor does EBV bind to?
C3d
81
Mononucleosis presentation
young adults with fever, chills, sweats, HA, pharyngitis, enlarged lymphnodes, enlarged spleen, atypical lymphocytes

MOD (34 decks)

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