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Flashcards in GA: Bones + Joints Deck (21)
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1
Q

What happens if you fracture your hyoid bone?

A

This is usually caused by strangulation. It causes the hyoid to be depressed onto the thyroid cartilage. Which results in difficulty swallowing + maintaining the separation of the alimentary + respiratory tracts.

2
Q

What happens if you fracture your laryngeal cartilages?

A

This is usually caused by a blow to the anterior neck in sports, or by a seatbelt in a car accident. It results in submucosal hemmorrhage + edema, respiratory obstruction, horseness, & (in worst case senario) inability to speak!

3
Q

What layer of deep cervical fascia helps prevent the spread of infection in the neck caused by tissue destruction?

A

The investing layer of deep cervical fascia

4
Q

If you have an infection in the layer between the investing layer and the muscular part of the pretracheal fascia, where will it spread?

A

It will not spread inferior to the manubrium of the sternum.

5
Q

If you have an infection between the investing layer and the visceral pretracheal fascia, where will it spread?

A

All the way to the mediastinum

6
Q

If you have an infection in the retropharyngeal space, where can this spread to?

A

It can spread inferiorly into the mediastinum and cause difficulty swallowing + speaking.

7
Q

Where can infections of the head spread to?

A

They can spread inferiorly into the mediastinum, traveling through the retropharyngeal space.

8
Q

What are the features of the hyoid bone?

A
9
Q

What are the unique features of cervical vertebrae?

A
10
Q

Can you label all of the laryngeal cartilages?

A
11
Q

Which joint is between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage?

A

Thyrohyoid joint

12
Q

Which joint is between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage?

A

Cricothyroid joint

13
Q

Which joint is between the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage?

A

Cricoarytenoid joint

14
Q

Which joint is bewteen the stem of the epiglottis + thyroid cartilage ( #1 inferiorly) and the epiglottis + hyoid bone (#2 superiorly)?

A

1 = thyroepiglottic L.

Epiglottic Joint

15
Q

Which joint is bewteen the cricoid cartilage and 1st tracheal cartilaginous segment?

A

Cricotracheal joint

16
Q

What is between laryngeal cartilages?

A

Fibroelastic Laryngeal Membrane

17
Q

What are the 2 parts to the fibroelastic laryngeal membrane?

A

a. Quadrangular membrane (Epiglotis –> Arytenoid cartilage)
b. conus elasticus (lateral cricothyroid L. + Vocal L.)

18
Q

As the ligaments travel up towards the head what do they become?

a. Anterior Longitudinal L.
b. Posterior Longitudinal L.
c. Ligamentum Flavum

A

Ant. Longitudinal L. –> Anterior Atlantooccipital L.

Post. Longitudinal L. –> Tectorial Membrane

Lig. Flavum –> Posterior Atlantooccipital L.

19
Q

What happens when we speak (phonation)?

A

Our laryngeal cartilages get closer together.

Normal breathing they are slighlty apart

20
Q

What are the 3 layers of the deep cervical fascia?

A
  1. Investing layer (superficial)
  2. Pretracheal layer (encloses buccopharyngeal fascia, infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus)
  3. Prevertebral layer (surrounds vertebral column + musculature)
21
Q

What does the carotid sheath contain?

A
  1. Common carotid A’s
  2. Internal Jugular Vein
  3. Vagus N.