Gamete Production & Fertilisation Flashcards Preview

Higher Human Biology > Gamete Production & Fertilisation > Flashcards

Flashcards in Gamete Production & Fertilisation Deck (33)
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1
Q

Where in the testes are sperm produced?

A

seminiferous tubules

2
Q

Where is testosterone produced in the testes?

A

Interstitial cells

3
Q

Name 2 glands that add to the semen.

A

Prostate gland and seminal vesicles

4
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

Stimulate sperm production

5
Q

What initially surrounds the ovum in the ovaries?

A

Graafian follicle

6
Q

What does the graafian follicle develop into after ovulation?

A

Corpus Luteum

7
Q

Name the hormone the graafian follicle produces

A

Oestrogen

8
Q

What hormone does the corpus luteum produce?

A

Progesterone

9
Q

Where does releaser hormone travel from and to?

A

hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

10
Q

Name 2 things secreted by the seminal vesicles.

A
  1. Fructose

2. Hormones - prostaglandins

11
Q

Name a substance produced by the prostate gland.

A

liquid containing enzymes

12
Q

What is the purpose of the secretions from the seminal vesicles and prostate gland?

A

maintain mobility and viability of sperm

13
Q

Name the 2 gonadotrophic hormones in men.

A

FSH and ICSH

14
Q

Name the 2 gonadotrophic hormones in women.

A

FSH and LH

15
Q

As the concentration of testosterone increases, how does this affect the pituitary gland?

A

inhibits the release of FSH and ICSH

16
Q

What name is given to the self-regulating mechanism of testosterone levels?

A

negative feedback

17
Q

What name is given to the release of an egg?

A

ovulation

18
Q

When does ovulation take place?

A

When the hormone LH is at its highest

19
Q

Name the 2 ovarian hormones.

A

oestrogen and progesterone

20
Q

What effect does oestrogen have on the uterus?

A

stimulates the proliferation of the endometrium

21
Q

What effect does oestrogen have on the pituitary gland?

A

It stimulates the secretion of LH

22
Q

What effect does progesterone have on the uterus?

A

Further development of endometrium and vascularisation

23
Q

What effect does progesterone have on the pituitary gland?

A

It inhibits the release of FSH and LH

24
Q

Name the 2 phases of the menstrual cycle.

A

Follicular and Luteal

25
Q

Why is it good that progesterone inhibits the pituitary gland during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

So that another egg is not released

26
Q

If fertilisation does not occur, a lack of LH has what effect on the corpus luteum?

A

Degeneration

27
Q

Degeneration of the corpus luteum has what effect on the progesterone levels in the body?

A

Decrease

28
Q

What effect does a lack of progesterone have on the uterus during the luteal phase?

A

Causes menstruation - lining of uterus to fall away

29
Q

Name the hormone an embryo secretes if fertilisation does place.

A

HCG

30
Q

What effect does HCG have on the corpus luteum & progesterone levels?

A

Maintains the corpus luteum and maintains progesterone levels.

31
Q

Where in the female does fertilisation take place?

A

Oviduct

32
Q

Name the cell produced after fertilisation.

A

Zygote

33
Q

What produces progesterone throughout pregnancy to maintain the lining of the uterus?

A

placenta