Structure and replication of DNA

Question 1

What are proteins made of?

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

State 3 functions of proteins.

Answer 2

1. structural
2. enzymes
3. hormones
4. antibodies
5. receptors

Question 3

Name the molecule that carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosomes?

Answer 3

mRNA

Question 4

What do we call a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein?

Answer 4

gene

Question 5

In DNA, what does C stand for?

Answer 5

Cytosine

Question 6

Where in a cell are proteins made?

Answer 6

ribosomes

Question 7

What determines the protein that is made?

Answer 7

The order of the bases on the DNA

Question 8

How many strands does DNA have?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

In DNA, what does A stand for?

Answer 9

Adenine

Question 10

In DNA, what does T stand for?

Answer 10

Thymine

Question 11

Of the 3 things that make up a nucleotide, which is the one that can vary?

Answer 11

base (A,T,G,C)

Question 12

In DNA, what does G stand for?

Answer 12

Guanine

Question 13

State 5 things needed for DNA replication.

Answer 13

1. DNA (template)
2. primers
3. 4 types of DNA nucleotide
4. enzymes
5. ATP

Question 14

What is a gene?

Answer 14

section of DNA that codes for one protein

Question 15

Which two chemicals make up the backbone of the DNA?

Answer 15

sugar and phosphate

Question 16

Name the bond that holds the adjacent strands of DNA together at the bases.

Answer 16

hydrogen

Question 17

What term is used to describe the fact that the 2 strands of DNA run in opposite directions?

Answer 17

antiparallel

Question 18

Where in the cell does DNA replication take place?

Answer 18

nucleus

Question 19

What solves the problem of DNA polymerase needing a pre-existing chain of DNA in order to add nucleotides?

Answer 19

A primer

Question 20

Name the strand of DNA that can be formed continuously during DNA replication.

Answer 20

Leading strand

Question 21

Name the enzyme that joins nucleotides to the new DNA strand during DNA replication.

Answer 21

DNA polymerase

Question 22

Name the 3 things that make up a DNA nucleotide.

Answer 22

deoxyribose sugar, base, phosphate

Question 23

Name the enzyme required to join the fragments on the lagging strand.

Answer 23

ligase

Question 24

What name is given to the copying of DNA by means of PCR?

Answer 24

amplification

Question 25

During PCR, why is the DNA heated to 92-98oC?

Answer 25

To separate the strands of DNA (break the hydrogen bonds)

Question 26

During PCR, Why is it then cooled to between 50-65oC?

Answer 26

To allow primers to bind to target sequences

Question 27

During PCR, why is it then heated again to between 70-80oC?

Answer 27

So heat tolerant DNA polymerase can replicate that section of DNA

Question 28

What are some practical application of PCR?

Answer 28

solve crimes, paternity suits and diagnose genetic disorders

Question 29

What is a primer?

Answer 29

A short strand of nucleotides

Question 30

What is found at the 3' end of the nucleotide?

Answer 30

Deoxyribose sugar

Question 31

What is found at the 5' end of the nucleotide?

Answer 31

Phosphate

Question 32

In which direction can a new strand of DNA only be produced?

Answer 32

In a 5' to 3' direction

Question 33

Which end of the template strand of DNA does a primer attach to?

Answer 33

3' end