Gen Path Exam 1 - Cardiovascular Path Flashcards
1
Q
What disease?
Various diseases characterized by inability of the coronary arteries to deliver adequate oxygen to meet the needs of the myocardium
A
Ischemic heart disease
2
Q
What disease?
Leading cause of ischemic heart disease
A
Coronary artery disease
3
Q
What disease?
Causes include coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, thromboemboli, coronary artery vasospasm, and conditions that increase workload and oxygen demand
A
Ischemic heart disease
4
Q
What disease?
Clinical manifestations are chronic ischemic heart disease (most common), angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction
A
Ischemic heart disease
5
Q
What disease?
Leads to congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, MI, sudden cardiac death
A
Chronic ischemic heart disease
6
Q
What disease?
Episodic, paroxysmal, substernal or precordial chest pain or discomfort resulting from myocardial ischemia, usually due to the inability of diseased coronary vessels to provide adequate blood for myocardial oxygenation
A
Angina pectoris
7
Q
What disease?
Caused by a fixed coronary artery obstruction secondary to atherosclerosis
A
Stable (classic) angina
8
Q
What disease?
Symptoms are episodic, paroxysmal, substernal or precordial pressure, heaviness, pain or discomfort usually brought on by exertion and relieved by rest or nitrates (nitroglycerin).
A
Stable (classic) angina
9
Q
What disease?
Attacks are no longer than 15-20 mins, predictable, and follow a precipitating event associated with temporary increase in demands of heart
A
Stable (classic) angina
10
Q
What disease?
Symptoms are relieved by decreased cardiac demand or nitroglycerin
A
Stable (classic) angina
11
Q
What disease?
Attacks occur more frequently, are longer, and produce more severe symptoms. Pain is more easily provoked and may occur at rest
A
Unstable (pre-infarction) angina
12
Q
What disease?
Undistinguishable from NSTEMI
A
Unstable (pre-infarction) angina
13
Q
What disease?
Pain occurs at rest and lasts longer than 20 mins
Pain is severe and of new onset
Pain occurs with a crescendo pattern
A
Unstable (pre-infarction) angina
14
Q
What disease?
Coronary artery vasospasm is an important mechanism and pain occurs at rest
A
Variant (vasospastic) angina
15
Q
What disease?
Characterized by symptoms of myocardial ischemia, persistent EKG changes, and release of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to an area of the heart
A
MI
16
Q
What disease?
Caused by irreversible myocardial injury, occurring as a result of prolonged ischemia
A
MI
17
Q
What disease?
Most frequently involves LV and leading cause is coronary artery atheroscleorsis
A
MI
18
Q
What disease?
Initiating factor in most cases is sudden disruption of partially occlusive coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque
A
MI
19
Q
What disease?
Classified by:
Degree of ventricular wall involvement
Location within heart or specific artery involved
Presence or absence of ST elevation on EKG
A
MI
20
Q
What specific MI?
Involve full thickness of ventricle and result in ST segment elevation
A
Transmural MI
21
Q
What specific MI?
Limited to inner third of myocardium and DO NOT exhibit ST segment elevation
A
Subendocardial MI
22
Q
MI resulting from a blockage of which artery is most common?
A
L anterior descending coronary artery
23
Q
T/F: STEMIs are more common than NSTEMIs
A
True
24
Q
What disease?
MIs characterized by profound, acute transmural myocardial ischemia and associated with ST segment elevation on EKG
A
Acute MI
25
Describe the pathogenesis of acute MIs
Plaque is disrupted
Platelets adhere, aggregate, and are activated
Release of ADP + thromboxane A2
Thrombus grows and occludes coronary artery
Coagulative necrosis
26
Gross and microscopic appearance of an MI depends on _____ of the injury
age
27
Describe how the areas of damage after an MI change morphologically
Coagulative necrosis -> acute then chronic inflammation -> fibrosis
28
What disease?
Sudden onset of chest pain that is similar to the pain of angina but is more severe and prolonged, generally lasting more than 15-20 mins, and is unrelieved by nitroglycerin
Acute MI
29
What symptom of acute MI?
History of alteration in the pattern of angina, recent onset of typical or atypical (unstable) angina, or unusual “indigestion” or pressure or squeezing felt in the chest.
Premonitory pain
30
What symptom of acute MI?
Chest pain/discomfort at rest, nitroglycerin has no effect relieving pain
Pain of infarction
31
What disease?
Cold sweat, weak/apprehensive, light headed, syncope, dyspnea, orthopnea, cough, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating
Acute MI
32
What disease?
Diagnosed by triad of:
Ischemic type discomfort
EKG abnormalities
Elevated serum cardiac markers
MI
33
Name the serum cardiac markers used to diagnose MI
Troponin I and T
Creatine Kinase isozyme MB
34
What disease?
Diagnosed with coronary artery angiography or perfusion scintigraphy test
MI
35
What disease?
Complications include arrhythmias, progressive heart failure, ventricular aneurysm, mural thrombus, rupture of myocardium, fibrinous pericarditis, heart chamber dilation
MI
36
Most common cause of sudden cardiac death in first hour after MI
Vfib
37
Most common cause of death among hospital patients with acute MI
Cardiogenic shock
38
Occurs between 4-7 days after MI and is responsible for 20% of all fatal MIs
Rupture of myocardium
39
What disease?
Refers to a spectrum of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia
Acute coronary syndrome
40
What disease?
Includes unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI
Acute coronary syndrome
41
Unexpected death due to cardiac causes occurring in a short time period (in 1 hour of symptom onset) in a person with known or unknown cardiac disease in whom no previously diagnosed fatal condition is apparent
Sudden cardiac death
42
Symptom complex, not a disease entity, that can result from a variety of cardiac disorders
Congestive heart failure
43
What disease?
Characterized by inability of the heart to pump blood sufficiently to keep pace with the body's circulatory demands
Congestive heart failure
44
What disease?
Develops when the body’s compensatory mechanisms to correct intravascular and interstitial volume overload and/or inadequate tissue perfusion (oxygenation) become overwhelmed
Congestive heart failure
45
What disease?
Caused by decreased myocardial function/cardiac valvular dysfunction (from previous MI), increased vascular resistance, increased blood volume, or excessive metabolic demand
Congestive heart failure
46
What disease?
Classified by:
Systolic vs diastolic
L vs R sided
Backward vs forward
Congestive heart failure
47
What specific Congestive heart failure?
Reduced cardiac contractility
Systolic
48
What specific Congestive heart failure?
Impaired cardiac relaxation and abnormal ventricular filling
Diastolic
49
What specific Congestive heart failure?
Failure of LV or excessive pressure in LA
Left sided
50
What specific Congestive heart failure?
Failure of RV or excessive pressure in RA
Right sided
51
What specific Congestive heart failure?
Not simultaneous, develops over time due to increased stress placed on remaining ventricle
Biventricular
52
What is the most frequently used index of cardiac pump function?
Ejection fraction
53
Ejection fraction equation
EF = 100 x SV/EDV
54
Where is ejection fraction measured?
LV
55
What is normal adult LV ejection fraction?
50-70%
56
What ejection fraction is considered systolic dysfunction?
40%
57
What disease?
Symptomatic congestive heart failure with a normal ejection fraction
Congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
58
What specific Congestive heart failure?
Exertional dyspnea, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, and hemoptysis (coughing up blood).
Left sided
59
What specific Congestive heart failure?
Pulmonary edema and hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages (heart failure cells)
Left sided
60
What specific Congestive heart failure?
Systemic venous congestion, jugular venous distention; enlarged and tender liver and spleen; ascites (abdominal edema); and pitting edema of the extremities
Right sided
61
What specific Congestive heart failure?
LV is hypertrophied and dilated
Left sided
62
What specific Congestive heart failure?
Lungs are heavy and boggy due to pulmonary congestion and edema
Left sided
63
What disease?
A gross structural abnormality of the heart or intrathoracic great vessels that is present at birth and that is actually or potentially of functional significance.
Congenital heart disease
64
What disease?
Associated with chromosomal abnormalities
Congenital heart disease
65
What is Turner syndrome associated with?
Coarctation of aorta
66
Which syndrome is associated with the following?
Atrial + ventricular septal defects
AV valve deformities
Down syndrome
67
What is pregnancy while living at high altitudes associated with?
Patent ductus arteriosus
68
What is rubella syndrome associated with?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Pulmonary artery stenosis
69
Which form of Congenital heart disease?
R to L shunt because of increased pulmonary artery pressure
Cyanotic
70
Which form of Congenital heart disease?
L to R shunt
Non-cyanotic
71
What type of Congenital heart disease?
A hole from a septum secundum or septum primum defect in the interatrial septum normally produces a modest L to R, non-cyanotic shunt.
Atrial septal defect
72
Name the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common types of Congenital heart disease
1st = ventricular septal defect
2nd = atrial septal defect
3rd = patent ductus arteriosus
73
What type of atrial septal defect?
Smooth-walled defects near the foramen ovale, typically without other associated cardiac abnormalities.
Ostium secundum
74
What type of atrial septal defect?
Occur at the lowest part of the atrial septum and can be associated with mitral and tricuspid valve abnormalities
Ostium primum
75
What type of atrial septal defect?
affects the upper part of the atrial septum near the entrance of the SVC; accompanied by anomalous drainage of the pulmonary veins into the right atrium or SVC
Sinus venosus
76
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Clinical presentation includes heart failure, exertional fatigue, dyspnea, afib
Atrial septal defect
77
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Flaplike opening between the atrial septa primum and secundum at the location of the fossa ovalis that persists after age 1 year
Patent foramen ovale
78
What type of Congenital heart disease?
No clinical significance except when it leads to paradoxical embolism and cryptogenic strokes
Patent foramen ovale
79
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Transient R to L blood flow can occur, such as with Valsalva-type maneuvers
Patent foramen ovale
80
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Hole within the membranous or muscular portions of the intraventricular septum that produces a L to R, non-cyanotic shunt.
Ventricular septal defect
81
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Clinical presentation in infants: tachypnea, tachycardia, heart failure
Clinical presentation in adults: L sided heart failure, shortness of breath, orthopnea, dyspnea on exertion
Ventricular septal defect
82
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Can lead to pulmonary artery hypertension (reverses blood flow to R to L shunt) and R sided heart failure
Ventricular septal defect
83
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Failure of closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus within 1 to 2 days of birth resulting in a high-pressure L to R, non-cyanotic shunt
Patent ductus arteriosus
84
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Risk factors include premature / low birth weight, low oxygen tension (pregnancy while living at high altitude), and first-trimester maternal rubella
Patent ductus arteriosus
85
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Narrowing or constriction of the aorta leading to left ventricular outflow obstruction
Coarctation of aorta
86
What type of Congenital heart disease?
The narrowing can be preductal (“infantile”) or postductal (“adult”) in relation to the ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of aorta
87
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Patent ductus arteriosus is usually present
Coarctation of aorta
88
What type of coarctation of aorta?
Symptomatic early in life, classically as cyanosis localized to the lower half of the body
Preductal ("infantile") coarctation of aorta WITH patent ductus arteriosus
89
What type of coarctation of aorta?
Hypertension is limited to the upper extremities and cerebral vessels
Postductal ("adult") coarctation of aorta WITHOUT patent ductus arteriosus
90
Name the 1st and 2nd most common types of R to L cyanotic congenital heart disease
1st = tetralogy of fallot
2nd = transposition of great arteries
91
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Presents with:
-Obstruction of the RV outflow tract due to subpulmonic stenosis, pulmonary valve stenosis or complete atresia
-Concentric RV hypertrophy
-Ventricular septal defect
-Dextroposition of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot
92
What type of Congenital heart disease?
Aorta arises from the RV and the pulmonary artery emanates from the LV (they're switched)
Transposition of great arteries
93
What type of Congenital heart disease?
A concurrent compensatory anomaly such VSD, ASD, or PDA with R to L shunting is needed for extrauterine survival
Transposition of great arteries
94
What disease?
Bulging of one or both mitral valve leaflets
Mitral valve prolapse
95
What disease?
Most frequently due to myxomatous degeneration of connective tissue
Mitral valve prolapse
96
What disease?
Complications include mitral regurgitation, infective endocarditis, sudden cardiac death, and stroke
Mitral valve prolapse
97
What disease?
Retrograde blood flow through the left atrium secondary to an incompetent mitral valve
Mitral regurgitation
98
What disease?
Caused by organic disease (e.g., myxomatous degeneration/mitral valve prolapse) or a functional abnormality
Mitral regurgitation
99
What disease?
Increased risk for afib
Mitral regurgitation
100
What disease?
May cause LV failure
Mitral regurgitation
101
What disease?
Narrowing of the mitral valve orifice that prevents proper opening during diastole and obstruction of blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
Mitral stenosis
102
What disease?
Caused by rheumatic fever
Mitral stenosis
103
What disease?
Clinical presentation includes fatigue and exertional dyspnea
Mitral stenosis
104
What disease?
Retrograde blood flow into the left ventricle from the aorta secondary to an inadequately closing aortic valve
Aortic regurgitation
105
What disease?
Obstruction to systolic left ventricular outflow across the aortic valve
Aortic valve stenosis
106
What disease?
Most commonly acquired, due to idiopathic calcification of the aortic valve (calcific aortic stenosis) or rheumatic fever, or congenital
Aortic valve stenosis
107
What disease?
Early symptoms: decreased exercise tolerance, dyspnea and dizziness on exertion
Late symptoms: exertional angina, L sided heart failure
Aortic valve stenosis
108
What disease?
Small, sterile lesions (vegetations) which develop on the damaged or denuded cardiac endothelium, and are along the line of closure of the cardiac valve leaflets (and/or adjacent endocardium).
NBTE
109
What disease?
Caused by rheumatic fever and any structural heart disease with increased turbulence of blood flow resulting in endothelial damage (cardiac valvular dysfunction, congenital heart disease)
NBTE
110
What disease?
Complications include peripheral embolization (but emboli are sterile)
NBTE
111
What disease?
Increases the risk for development of IE
NBTE
112
What disease?
Microbial infection of the endocardial surfaces of the heart, usually affecting of one or more cardiac valves
IE
113
What disease?
Mainly caused by bacteria
IE
114
What bacteria are most common in IE?
Staph aureus
Streptoccoci viridans
115
What type of IE?
Caused by Staph aureus
Acute
116
What type of IE?
Caused by Strep viridans
Subacute
117
What disease?
Most cases occur on an altered, injured or damaged endothelial surface (most often on a cardiac valve leaflet), that makes the surface suitable for pathogenic bacterial attachment and colonization.
IE
118
What disease?
Risk factors include prosthetic cardiac valve, heart surgery using a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device, heart surgery with a residual hemodynamic defect, IV drug abuse, and history of previous IE
IE
119
In IE, bacteria must then reach the site of endothelial damage via the ____________, adhere to the damaged endothelial surface, and invade the involved tissue to produce bacterial colonization and persistence
bloodstream
120
What disease?
Complications include valvular damage and insufficiency, congestive heart failure, myocardial abscesses, and cardiac arrhythmias
IE
121
Portions of vegetations on valves affected by IE can easily detach forming septic (infected) _________ and may travel through the bloodstream and cause tissue and organ _____________ and infections such as ________
emboli; infarctions; stroke
122
What disease?
Symptoms are fever, heart murmurs, bacteremia, immunological responses, and emboli
IE
123
What is the most common sign of IE?
Fever
124
What disease?
Multisystem autoimmune inflammatory disease with major cardiac manifestations and sequelae, most often affecting children between 5 and 15 years of age.
Rheumatic fever
125
What disease?
Caused by group A strep
Rheumatic fever
126
What disease?
Symptoms include carditis, migratory polyarthritis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, and chorea
Rheumatic fever
127
What is evidence of a recent strep infection?
Elevated anti-streptolysin O
128
What disease?
Example of a type II hypersensitivity reaction, sharing common antigenic determinants resulting in tissue injury
Rheumatic fever
129
What disease?
Characterized by nonsuppurative inflammatory lesions of the joints, heart, subcutaneous tissue, and central nervous system
Rheumatic fever
130
What disease?
Microscopic findings include Aschoff body (focal interstitial myocardial inflammation) and large activated macrophages known as Anitschkow cells
Rheumatic fever
131
Rheumatic fever causes inflammation of the pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium. What does each result in?
Pericarditis = serous effusions
Myocarditis = congestive heart failure
Endocarditis = valvular damage
132
Where does rheumatic fever endocarditis usually occur?
Areas subject to great hemodynamic stress (ex: points of valve closure)
133
What disease?
Noncardiac manifestations are fever, malaise, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, joint involvement, skin lesions, and CNS involvement
Rheumatic fever
134
Name one type of joint involvement in rheumatic fever. How many patients does this affect?
Migratory polyarthritis; 75%
135
Name two types of skin lesions in rheumatic fever
Subcutaneous nodules
Erythema marginatum
136
Name one type of CNS involvement in rheumatic fever
Sydenham's chorea
137
What disease?
Results from single or repeated attacks of RF and consists of the cardiac valve damage
Rheumatic heart disease
138
What disease
As a consequence of fibrotic healing, the valves eventually become thickened, fibrotic, rigid and deformed, often with fusion of valve commissures and calcification, as well as thickening of the chordae tendineae
Rheumatic heart disease
139
What valve is most frequently involved in rheumatic heart disease?
Mitral valve
140
What disease?
MacCallum plaques appear on endocardium in L atrium, caused by regurgitant jets of blood flow due to incompetence of damaged mitral valve
Rheumatic heart disease
141
What other valves besides the mitral valve can be affected by Rheumatic heart disease?
Aortic valve (+ mitral)
Tricuspid valve (+ mitral and aortic)
142
What disease?
An alteration of the normal site or rate of electrical impulse generation within the heart or an alteration of the impulse's orderly spread through the cardiac conducting system
Arrhythmia
143
What disease?
Vary greatly in their clinical significance
Arrhythmia
144
What disease?
Caused by primary cardiovascular disease, ischemic injury (ex: MI), and drugs
Arrhythmia
145
What type of arrhythmia?
100 bpm +
Tachyarrhythmia
145
What type of arrhythmia?
Originating above AV node
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia
146
What type of arrhythmia?
Originating below AV node
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia
147
What type of arrhythmia?
Less than 60 bpm
Bradyarrhytmia
148
What type of arrhythmia?
Examples are:
Sinus + atrial tachycardia
Premature atrial contractions
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Atrial flutter
Afib
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia
149
What type of arrhythmia?
Premature ventricular contraction
Vtach
Vfib
Torsades de pointes
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia
150
What type of arrhythmia?
Sinus bradycardia
Sick sinus syndrome
First, second, third degree heart block
Bradyarrhythmia
151
What disease?
Heart muscle disease attributable to intrinsic myocardial dysfunction
Cardiomyopathy
152
What disease?
3 types are:
Dilated (congestive) - most common
Hypertrophic
Restrictive (obliterative or infiltrative)
Cardiomyopathy
153
What disease?
Caused by a specific identifiable etiology, or can be idiopathic
Cardiomyopathy
154
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Characterized by dilation and impaired, ineffective contraction of one or both ventricles
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy
155
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Systolic function of the heart is impaired and patients may develop overt heart failure, atrial and/or ventricular arrhythmias, and can experience sudden cardiac death.
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy
156
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Caused by idiopathic, genetic, alcoholism, ischemic heart disease, uncontrolled tachyarrhythmia, cirrhosis, end-stage renal disease, sleep apnea, infections, cardiotoxic drugs, toxins, substance abuse, peripartum, endocrine disease, collagen-vascular autoimmune disease, hematologic disease
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy
157
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Symptoms of congestive heart failure, but can also be asymptomatic, leading to incidental finding on a chest X-ray
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy
158
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Clinical presentation includes mitral regurgitation and ventricular or atrial arrhythmias
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy
159
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Heart is enlarged, heavy, and flabby due to dilation of all 4 chambers
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy
160
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Myocardial cells are hypertrophied; interstitial and endocardial fibrosis is present
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy
161
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Characterized by marked thickening of the left ventricular wall without dilation, not explained by another cardiac or systemic disorder.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
162
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Ventricular septum is also profoundly enlarged and hypertrophied and there may be obstruction within the left ventricular outflow tract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
163
This type of cardiomyopathy associated with LVOT obstruction is called idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
164
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Reduced stroke volume due to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
165
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Caused by genetics - mutation in proteins of the cardiac sarcomere and Ca2+ regulation
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
166
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Clinical presentation can be asymptomatic or dyspnea, syncope, presyncope, ventricular arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and stroke
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
167
What type of cardiomyopathy?
L ventricle is banana shaped and there is obstruction of L ventricular outflow tract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
168
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Miscroscopic findings include massive myocyte hypertrophy, disorganized myocyte architecture, interstitial and replacement fibrosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
169
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Characterized by restrictive ventricular filling
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
170
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Decrease in ventricular compliance and distensibility (the ventricles are abnormally “stiff”), resulting in impaired ventricular filling during diastole (diastolic dysfunction) and the atria become enlarged
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
171
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Caused by amyloidosis, progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), myocardial fibrosis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
172
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Clinical presentation is biventricular congestive heart failure
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
173
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Gross finding is that both atria are dilated
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
174
What type of cardiomyopathy?
Microscopic finding is interstitial fibrosis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
175
What disease?
Accumulation of serous transudate in the pericardial space
Hydropericardium
176
What disease?
Caused by congestive heart failure, nephritic syndrome, or chronic liver disease
Hydropericardium
177
What disease?
Accumulation of blood in the pericardial sac
Hemopericardium
178
What disease?
Caused by trauma to chest resulting in rupture of myocardium, coronary arteries or aortic root, or myocardial rupture secondary to MI
Hemopericardium
179
What disease?
Acute inflammation (or infiltration) of the pericardium
Acute pericarditis
180
What disease?
Characterized by at least 2 of the following 4 criteria:
Chest pain
Specific EKG changes
Pericardial friction rub
New/worsening pericardial effusion
Acute pericarditis
181
What disease?
Classified as:
Serous
Fibrinous
Purulent
Hemorrhagic
Acute pericarditis
182
What type of acute pericarditis?
Protein-rich exudate
Serous pericarditis
183
What type of acute pericarditis?
Associated with lupus, rheumatic fever, or viral infections
Serous pericarditis
184
What type of acute pericarditis?
Fibrin-rich exudate
Fibrinous pericarditis
185
What type of acute pericarditis?
Caused by uremia, MI, or rheumatic fever
Fibrinous pericarditis
186
What type of acute pericarditis?
Purulent inflammatory exudate
Purulent pericarditis
187
What type of acute pericarditis?
Caused by bacterial infection
Purulent pericarditis
188
What type of acute pericarditis?
Blood inflammatory exudate
Hemorrhagic pericarditis
189
What type of acute pericarditis?
Caused by metastatic tumor invasion of pericardium, TB, or other bacterial infection
Hemorrhagic pericarditis
190
Common heart tumor of adults
Myxoma
191
Common heart tumor of infants and children
Rhabdomyomas
192
Which cardiac tumor occurs with high frequency in patients with tuberous sclerosis?
Rhabdomyomas
193
Most common malignancy of the heart
Metastatic tumors
194
This type of cancer has a higher predilection for cardiac metastatic tumors
Lung cancer
