Hemostasis Related Disorders Flashcards by A G

Q

What disease?

Low platelet count

A

Thrombocytopenia

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Q

What is normal platelet count? What is platelet count in Thrombocytopenia?

A

Normal: 150,000 - 450,000
Thromobocytopenia: < 150,000

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Q

What platelet count are you at risk of post-traumatic bleeding?

A

< 50,000

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Q

What disease?

Caused by decreased production of platelets increased destruction of platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

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Q

What are the 3 reasons for decreased production of platelets in Thrombocytopenia?

A

Bone marrow dysfunction (aplastic anemia, cancer)
Drug (alcohol, chemo)
HIV

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Q

What are the 2 reasons for increased destruction of platelets in Thrombocytopenia?

A

Autoimmune (ITP)
Non-immunologic

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Q

What disease?

Can also be caused by hypersplenism or multiple transfusions

A

Thrombocytopenia

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Q

What disease?

Caused by ABs against platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb/IIIa or Ib/IX complexes

A

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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Q

What disease?

Most common in women aged 20-40

A

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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Q

What disease?

Petechiae
Easy bruising
Epistaxis (nose bleed)
Gingival bleeding
Hemorrhage after minor trauma

A

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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Q

What disease?

Diagnosed by lab test showing thrombocytopenia

A

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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Q

What disease?

Tx is immunosuppressants or splenectomy

A

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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Q

Why does a splenectomy treat Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

A

Spleen is the site of anti-platelet AB production

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Q

What disease?

Caused by deficiency of factor VIII

A

Hemophilia A

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Q

What is the inheritance of Hemophilia A and B?

A

X-linked recessive

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Q

What diseases?

Affects males more than females

A

Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B

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Q

What disease?

Easy bruising
Massive hemorrhage after trauma
Spontaneous bleeding into joints (hemarthrosis)

A

Hemophilia A

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Q

What diseases?

Diagnosed by prolonged Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

A

Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Von Willebrand disease

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Q

What disease?

Tx is factor VIII infusions

A

Hemophilia A

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Q

What disease?

Caused by deficiency of factor IX

A

Hemophilia B

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Q

What disease?

Clinically indistinguishable from Hemophilia A

A

Hemophilia B

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Q

What disease?

Tx is factor IX infusions

Study These Flashcards

A

Hemophilia B

Q

What disease?

Deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF)

Study These Flashcards

A

Von Willebrand disease

Q

What is the inheritance of Von Willebrand disease?

Study These Flashcards

A

Autosomal dominant

What disease? Most common inherited bleeding disorder

Von Willebrand disease

What disease? Can be mild Mucosal bleeding Easy brusing

Von Willebrand disease

What disease? Tx is Desmopressin

Von Willebrand disease

What does Desmopressin do when treating Von Willebrand disease?

Increases vWF and factor VIII

What disease? Caused by inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, or inhibition by certain meds (warfarin)

Vitamin K deficiency

What disease? Affects newborns, those who use ABs long-term, and those with malabsorption syndromes

Vitamin K deficiency

What disease? Easy bruising Prolonged bleeding Hemorrhage in severe cases

Vitamin K deficiency

What disease? Diagnosed by prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT)

Vitamin K deficiency

What disease? Diagnosed by low levels of prothrombin, factor VII, IX, and X

Vitamin K deficiency

What clotting factors are vitamin K dependent?

Prothrombin Factor VII, IX, X

What disease? Tx is supplements and fresh frozen plasma

Vitamin K deficiency

What disease? Caused by formation of blood clot in a vessel, endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow, and hypercoagulability

Thrombosis

What disease? More common w/ increasing age and immobility, but can affect anyone

Thrombosis

What disease? Clinical presentation depends on location of clot

Thrombosis

What disease? Diagnosed by ultrasound, CT scan, ventilation perfusion scan

Thrombosis

What disease? Tx is anticoagulant

Thrombosis

What disease? Caused by numerous genetic and acquired factors

Hypercoagulable state

What disease? Clinical presentation is recurrent thrombosis

Hypercoagulable state

What disease? Diagnosed by genetic testing, antiphospholipid AB testing, elevated levels of procoagulant factors

Hypercoagulable state

What disease? Tx is long term anticoagulation therapy and managing underlying condition

Hypercoagulable state

Genetic or acquired causes of Hypercoagulable state? Mutations in factor V Antithrombin III deficiency Protein C or S deficiency Fibrinolysis defect Homocysteinemia Allelic variations in prothrombin levels Mutations in MTHF gene

Genetic

Genetic or acquired causes of Hypercoagulable state? Prolonged bed rest/immobilization Homocysteinemia Tissue damage Cancer MI, prosthetic heart valves Disseminated intravascular coagulation Heparin induced thrombocytopenia Antiphospholipid AB syndrome

Acquired

Genetic or acquired cause of Hypercoagulable state? Homocysteineima

Both

What disease? Caused by blood clot dislodging and traveling to obstruct a vessel

Embolism

T/F: An embolism can also occur with fat, air, and amniotic fluid

True

What disease? Risk factors = DVT, surgery, trauma

Embolism

What disease? SOB, chest pain, cough

Pulmonary embolism

What disease? Sudden weakness/numbness on one side, difficulty speaking

Stroke

What disease? Diagnosed by: CT pulmonary angiography MRI CT Echocardiography

Embolism

What disease has the following tx methods? Anticoagulation therapy Thrombolytic therapy Surgical intervention

Embolism