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Micro Final > Genera Chlamydia, Chlamydophila, and Rickettsiales > Flashcards

Genera Chlamydia, Chlamydophila, and Rickettsiales Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main difference between Chlamydiae and Rickettsiae?

A

Chlamydiae has a developmental cycle and do not require a vector for transport
Rickettsiae do not have a developmental cycle and almost always require a vector

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2
Q

What are the two bodies that are present in the developmental cycle of Chlamydiae?

A

Elementary body

Reticulate body

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3
Q

Describe the elementary body and the reticular body

A

Elementary body is the infectious form of the organism and is responsible for attaching to the host cell and promoting its entry. These are able to get into cells that aren’t pro phagocytes.
Reticulate body is the intracellular, metabolically active form of the organism that divides via binary fission. It is totally dependent on the host cell for energy in the form of ATP.

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4
Q

What are the five major phases of the developmental cycle?

A
  1. Attachment and penetration of EB
  2. Transition of metabolically enert EB to metabolically active RB
  3. Division of RB and production of many progeny
  4. Maturation of noninfectious RB into EB
  5. Release of EB from the cell
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5
Q

T/F Clinically persistent infections are common with Chlamydiae and play an important role in the spread of the organism

A

TRUE

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6
Q

_______ causes infections primarily of the eye and genital tract of humans only

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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7
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis Biovar I comprises the _____ strains. These CAN/CANNOT produce infections beyond the mucous membrane

A

lymphogranuloma veneum

CAN produce invasive infections

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8
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis Biovar II are not invasive and are largely limited to the ____

A

mucosal epithelial cells of conjunctiva and urogenital tract

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9
Q

What two infections are seen with Chlamydia trachomatis Biovar II?

A

Trachoma: leading cause of preventable blindness in the world
Urogenital tract infections: Leading cause of sexually transmitted

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10
Q

_____ causes pneumonia and encephalitis that is transmitted from human to human with no interveneing avian or animal host

A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

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11
Q

______ causes avain chlamydiosis-psittacosis

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

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12
Q

How many serovars of Chlamydophila psittaci are there? What are they each associated with?

A

Serovar A: Psittacine birds
Serovar B: Pigeon
Serovar C: Duck
Serovar D: Turkey

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13
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci Serotype __ organism is important as a zoonotic disease in humans

A

Serotype A

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14
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci Serotypes ____ are important in poultry and are readily spread to workers in poultry processing plants

A

C and D

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15
Q

What is the primary route of transmission for Chlamydophila psittaci?

A

Respiratory via inhalation of dust contaminated by feces.

Vertical transmission can occur in some species, but it is not the most common

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16
Q

What are clinical signs of birds affected with Chlamydophila psittaci?

A

Inappentence, depression, nasal and eye discharges, followed by death
Clinical disease is often precipitated by stresses

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17
Q

T/F Disease caused by Chlamydophila psittaci is more severe in older animals than younger animals

A

FALSE; it is more severe in younger animals and older animals are often asymptomatic

18
Q

How would a producer control Chlamydophila psittaci?

A

Quarantine all imported birds

19
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci and ________ cause disease in ruminants

A

Chlamydophila abortus

20
Q

Chlamydophila abortus causes what?

A

Enzootic abortion

21
Q

How is Chlamydophila abortus transmitted?

A

Infected female to pregnant female as organisms are shed in the feces of an affected female.

22
Q

What are clinical signs that are associated with Chlamydophila abortus?

A

Abortions in the last trimester

Does not affect subsequent fertility

23
Q

What lesions are seen with Chlamydophila abortus?

A

Placentitis and necrosis of placenta

Also see follicular conjunctivitis and polyarthritis

24
Q

_____ is the cause of feline pneumonitis of chlamydiosis

A

Chlamydophila felis

25
Q

Chlamydophila felis is a major cause of what?

A

conjunctivitis in kittens

26
Q

How is Chlamydophila felis transmitted? What are some clinical signs?

A

Direct contact with infected ocular and nasal discharges

Usually a mild disease with conjunctivitis and rhinitis

27
Q

Disease in humans caused by Chlamydophila species: what are the most infectious serovars? What is the most important resevoir of infection as far as public health?

A

C and D or Avian serovars

Domestic turkey

28
Q

What are the three types of immunity against Chlamydophila species in humans?

A

1: Interactions with phagocytes
2: Antibody response
3: CMI

29
Q

How would you diagnose a Chlamydophila species infection in human?

A

Exfoliative cytology
Isolation of the organism
Serology

30
Q

What are the three ways to isolate Chlamydophila species?

A

1: Cell culture; most commonly used
2: Chick embryo; all strains infect chicks
3: Lab animal innoculation; some strains will infect guinea pigs or mice

31
Q

The family _____ is associated with nucleated host cells

A

Rickettsiaceae

32
Q

Rickettsiaceae multiply where?

A

enothelial cells lining the small blood vessels

33
Q

What are the three distinct biotypes of the genus Rickettsia?

A

Biotype A: Typhus group
Biotype B: Scrub typhus group
Biotype C: Spotted fever group

34
Q

What are the two species in the Typus group? What do they cause?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii: epidemic typhus

Rickettsia typhi: Mouse typhus

35
Q

What is the one species of concern in the scrub typhus group? What does it cause?

A

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi: schrub typhus/chigger borne typhus. Endemic in Japan, Korea, Australia, and Vietnam

36
Q

What is the one species of concern in the spotted fever group? What disease will it cause?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii: Cause of rocky mountain spotted fever

37
Q

What are the vectors responsible for transmitting RMSF (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever). Where is this prevalent?

A

Tick bourne disease; Two ixodid ticks are important vectors. Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick.
Prevalent in the SE region of the US

38
Q

What is the pathogenesis of RMSF?

A

Gains access to the body via the tick bite
Invades the vascular endothelium and causes widespread endothelial damage that results in occlusion of small vessels, microthrombi, and vasculitis

39
Q

When is disease of Rickettsia rickettsii seen?

A

Summer months, associated with ticks

40
Q

How would you detect RMSF and how would you treat it?

A

PCR and Immunohistochemistry

Early treatment with tetracycline is effective

41
Q

What is the most common way RMSF is transmitted to humans?

A

Via removal of ticks from the dog

Micro Final (14 decks)

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