Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro Final > Genera Treponema, Brachyspira, and Borrelia > Flashcards

Genera Treponema, Brachyspira, and Borrelia Flashcards

1
Q

Treponema and Brachyspira are _____ organisms that can act as _____ or ______

A

Anaerobic
Commensals
Parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What would you use to stain Treponema and Brachyspira?

A

Crystal violet and/or Giemsa stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ was originally thought to be the only cause of swine dysentary

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is swine dysentary?

A

Muco-hemorrhagic diarrhea that can affect any age pig, but seen primarily in grower pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of Brachyspira are the most capable of producing disease?

A

Beta-hemolytic strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the colonies of Brachyspira look like?

A

More of a film than a distinct colony, with some producing a strong zone of beta hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ring phenomenon is characteristic of what species?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the transmission of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

Pig to Pig via fecal oral transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F Brachyspira hyodysenteriae can live in lagoons for up to a year and is very difficult to get out of a swine unit

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

A

Incubation period of 7-10 days
Organism doesn’t penetrate past lamina propria and only is in large intestinal areas
Fecal material can become very watery and bloody
Epithelial lining can become so involved it produces a pseudomembrane
Pigs completely recover 1-2 months after initial disease
Pigs are immune after infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

Hemolysin
LPS
Attachment: Suspected, but not proven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can be used to diagnose Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

Good history is important; intro of new stock purchased at a sale barn
Clinical signs and gross lesions
Isolation and identification to demonstrate the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the guidelines for isolating a good specimen?

A

Acutely ill, non-medicated pig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is immunization against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae done?

A

No; elimination of the organism from the facility is the only true way to rid this disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

________ causes porcine intestinal spirochetosis and human intestinal spirochetosis

A

Brachyspira pilosicoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the distribution of Brachyspira pilosicoli?

A

Worldwide in swine and humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Brachyspira pilosicoli is a _____ beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochete

A

weakly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the growth of Brachyspira pilosicoli?

A

Similar to Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The only difference is that it is a weakly beta hemolytic organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the disease Brachyspira pilosicoli causes in pigs

A

Attaches in large numbers to the colonic epithelium by one end of the bacterial cell
Produces a diarrheal disease in immediate postweaning pigs, diarrhea with occasional flecks of blood
In general the disease is much milder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the disease Brachyspira pilosicoli

A

Also characterized by teh end on attachment in the large intestine.
Common in underdeveloped countries and AIDs patients
Can see rectal bleeding with chronic diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F Brachyspira has been known to cross species barriers and cause disease in other animals

A

TRUE

22
Q

______ species in domestic animals can cause papillomatous digital dermititids or hairy heel warts

A

Treponema

23
Q

T/F Treponema species is one of the most common causes of lameness in dairy cattle

A

TRUE

24
Q

________ is the cause of rabbitt syphilis

A

Treponema paralius caniculi

25
Q

Syphilis, pinta, and yaws are all caused by the genus ______

A

Treponema

26
Q

_____ is the cause of syphilis in humans

A

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

27
Q

_______ is the cause of yaws. Where is this lesion most likely seen?

A

Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue

India, Indonesia, and many of the PAcific islands

28
Q

How is yaws spread? What do these lesions affect?

A

It is spread via childhood direct contact

Similar to that of syphilis. Affects primarily bone and skin

29
Q

_______ causes endemic syphilis or bejel, which is similar to yaws. Where does this occur? How is it transmitted?

A

Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum

It occurs in the middle east and is spread children to children via unsanitary conditions

30
Q

_____ is the cause of pinta. Where is this disease seen? How is it spread?

A

Treponema carateum. Seen in tropical areas of Central and South America.
Spread via non-sexual contact and results in primary skin lesions that are non-granulomatous in nature

31
Q

______ causes periodontal disease

A

Oral treponemes

32
Q

What are some general characteristics of the genus Borellia?

A

Anaerobic organisms that can occur as commensals or parasites
All species are transmitted by arthropod vectors

33
Q

What are the major disease seen with Borrelia?

A

Relapsing fever and Lyme’s disease

34
Q

What are the main Borrelia species of North America? What about Europe?

A

Borellia burgdorferi

Borellia afzelli and Borellia garinii

35
Q

What is the life cycle of these Borellia species transmission?

A

Tick feeds on an infected animal, organism passes from one stage of the tick life cycle to the next
Can then trasmit to any host that it feeds on (not passed transovarially)
Thought that passerine birds can be infested with these ticks

36
Q

T/F Borellia burgdorferi can be transmitted transstadially or transovarially in the tick

A

FALSE; no transovarial transmission can occur

37
Q

What are the three stages of disease associated woth Borellia burgdorferi in humans?

A

First stage: skin lesion that is actually an infectious process of the skin; is NOT an allergic reaction
Second stage: invades bloodstream and is disseminated through body. Fever, headache, and other non-specific complaints. A month after tick bite.
Third stage: Arthritis, neuritis, and cardiac complications. Can be fatal.

38
Q

How would you treat Burellia burgdorferi?

A

Long term doxycycline or amoxicillin

39
Q

Are vaccines used for Borellia burgdorferi?

A

Yes; dogs can be vaccinated if they are in areas where this is endemic

40
Q

What are the three areas of the US where Borellia burgdorferi is endemic?

A

Northeast
Midwest
Northwest

41
Q

How would you diagnose Borellia burgdorferi?

A

Seriological tests such as the C6 SNAP test
Direct exam via Darkfield
Culture; slow growing, 6-8 weeks

42
Q

What is the veterinary significance of Borellia burgdorferi?

A

causes a tick transmitted inflammatory joint disease of dogs and cats and possibly horses

43
Q

______ is the cause of fowl spirochaetosis

A

Borellia anserina

44
Q

Borellia anserina commonly affects what?

A

Chickens; also affects ducks, turkeys, geese, and primarily young birds

45
Q

What disease does Borellia anserina cause?

A

Acute septicemia with fever, diarrhea, drowsiness, and emaciation.
Birds become anemic and have enlarged spleens

46
Q

How is Borellia anserina transmitted?

A

Via ticks. EVERYTHING IS

47
Q

Borellia theileri causes what? Where is it likely seen?

A

Fever and septicemia in cattle. Australia, Africa, and South America

48
Q

T/F There are several species of Borellia that cause relapsing fever in humans

A

TRUE

49
Q

What are the two divisions of transmission for relapsing fever in humans?

A 
Louse borne (1 species; Borellia recurrentis)
Tick borne (Many species)
50
Q

What are some clinical signs of relapsing fever in humans?

A

CNS signs, myocarditis, and hepatitis

Micro Final (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions