Mycotoxins

Question 1

__________ are metabolites produced by a variety of fungi

Answer 1

mycotoxins

Question 2

T/F most fungi are not associated with infectious disease, and few produce toxins

Answer 2

True-ish over 100 spoecies produce mycotoxins

Question 3

__________, __________ and __________ are the three genra most often involved in mycotoxin production

Answer 3

Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium

Question 4

What are the correct set of conditions for an organism to produce mycotoxin?

Answer 4

substrate material- CHO

10-18% moisture, temperature 12-47C and O2

Question 5

Mycotoxin most commonly a problem in __________ and also observed in __________

Answer 5

cereal grains, peanuts

Question 6

__________ is produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus

Answer 6

Aflatoxin

Question 7

__________ is a hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, causes hemorrhages, slo growth and poor feed conversion

Answer 7

Aflatoxin

Question 8

Where is aflatoxin and issue?

Answer 8

warm humid regions of Southeasten US, irrigated regions of cotton pdx in South west

Question 9

T/F aflatoxin will accumulate in meat/milk

Answer 9

true

Question 10

__________ is the most common mycotoxin in the North Central corn belt and Southeastern Canada

Answer 10

Zearalenone

Question 11

__________ __________ produces Zearlenone

Answer 11

Fusarium roseum

Question 12

__________ has estrogenic effects, causes infertility, anestrus in sows

Answer 12

Zearalenone

Question 13

__________ is primarily nephrotoxic and in acute exposure can lead to kidney failure and death, hepatotoxic, can cause enteritits, immune suppression , emaciation and dehydration

Answer 13

Ochratoxin

Question 14

__________ __________ and __________ __________ produces ochratoxin

Answer 14

Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium viridicatum

Question 15

__________ infests small garins such as barley, rye and wheat primarily in the norther great plains

Answer 15

Claviceps purpurea

Question 16

__________ is the toxin produced by C. purpurea

Answer 16

Ergot

Question 17

What is the clinical disease caused by Ergot toxin?

Answer 17

gangrene of the extremities, convulsions, ataxia, tremors, agalactia in sows

Question 18

__________ __________ us a endophyte fungus that produces ergot alkaloid, lives within the fescue plant

Answer 18

Neophytidium coenophialum

Question 19

T/F Neophytidium coenophialum is transmitted via the seed of the fescue plant

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What three clinical problems are associated with the ergot alkaloid?

Answer 20

Fescue foot

Summer slump

Fat necrosis in horses

Question 21

__________ in horses has been associated with late term abortion, placental thickening, RPs leading to infection and lamnitis, prolonged gestation, difficulty rebreedingand decreased udder development

Answer 21

ergot alkaloids

Question 22

__________ is a familyof toxins produced by F. roseum, F. tricinctum and other members of that genus

Answer 22

Tricothecenes

Question 23

__________ is the most roublesome tricothecenes toxin, also known as __________

Answer 23

DON; klnown as vomitoxin

Question 24

T/F Don is more toxic and less common that T-2 toxin

Answer 24

False, reverse

Question 25

__________ is the syndrome associated with tricothcenes toxin

Answer 25

feed refusal syndrome

Question 26

WHere are the 2 places we test for mycotoxins?

Answer 26

in the feed

in the tissues

Question 27

T/F most mycoxins if present will not normally cuase acute disease?

Answer 27

True, more likely to cause chronic, vague clinical signs related to poor performance