General Glossary

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The scientific study of the structure and organisation of living organisms, including their systems, organs, and tissues.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The scientific study of how living organisms function, including processes like breathing, digestion, circulation, and movement.

Question 3

Medical Science

Answer 3

The study and application of knowledge to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases, improving health through research and care.

Question 4

Health Science

Answer 4

The study and application of knowledge to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases, improving health through research and care. Involves range of disciplines, education, public health, administration.

Question 5

Biochemistry

Answer 5

The study of chemical processes and substances within living organisms, including proteins, enzymes, DNA, and metabolism.

Question 6

Cardi

Answer 6

Related to heart.

Question 7

Gastro

Answer 7

Related to stomach / digestive system.

Question 8

Neuro

Answer 8

Related to nervous system.

Question 9

Enter

Answer 9

Related to intestines.

Question 10

-Itis

Answer 10

Inflammation / infection of word root.

Question 11

Leukocyte

Answer 11

Also known as a white blood cell, it is a vital part of the immune system that helps fight infections and foreign invaders.

Question 12

Gastroscope

Answer 12

A medical instrument used to examine the inside of the stomach and upper digestive tract, typically during an endoscopy.

Question 13

Electro-cardgiogram

Answer 13

A test that records the heart’s electrical activity to detect irregularities, such as arrhythmias or heart disease.

Question 14

Apnea

Answer 14

A temporary pause in breathing, often occurring during sleep, as seen in conditions like sleep apnea.

Question 15

Protein

Answer 15

Essential molecules made of amino acids, supporting body functions like muscle building, repair, enzyme production, and immune responses.

Question 16

Carbohydrates

Answer 16

Nutrients that serve as the body’s primary energy source, found in foods like bread, pasta, fruits, and vegetables.

Question 17

Lipids

Answer 17

Fats and fat-like molecules that store energy, insulate the body, and form essential structures like cell membranes.

Question 18

Nucleic Acids

Answer 18

Biomolecules like DNA and RNA that store and transmit genetic information, essential for cell function and reproduction.

Question 19

Vitamins

Answer 19

Essential nutrients required in small amounts for various bodily functions, such as boosting immunity, energy production, and cell repair.

Question 20

Cell

Answer 20

The basic unit of life in all living organisms, responsible for carrying out essential functions like growth, energy production, and reproduction.

Question 21

Tissue

Answer 21

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function, such as muscle tissue for movement or nerve tissue for signalling.

Question 22

Glucose

Answer 22

A simple sugar and primary source of energy for the body’s cells, transported in the blood and regulated by hormones like insulin.

Question 23

cartilage

Answer 23

A flexible, connective tissue found in joints, the nose, ear, and respiratory tract. It provides structure, support, and cushioning between bones.

Question 24

Ligament

Answer 24

A tough, fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones at joints, providing stability and support during movement.

Question 25

Hormone

Answer 25

A chemical messenger produced by glands in the body, which travels through the bloodstream to regulate various physiological processes, such as growth, metabolism, and mood.

Question 26

Neuron

Answer 26

A specialised nerve cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system, playing a crucial role in communication between the brain, spinal cord, and body.

Question 27

Cell Membrane

Answer 27

A thin, flexible layer surrounding a cell, it regulates what enters and exits, maintaining the cell's internal environment while offering protection and structure.

Question 28

Cytoplasm

Answer 28

The gel-like substance inside a cell, surrounding the organelles. It provides a medium for chemical reactions and helps maintain the cell's shape.

Question 29

DNA

Answer 29

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Question 30

RNA

Answer 30

Ribonucleic Acid.

Question 31

Ribosomes

Answer 31

Tiny structures within cells responsible for protein synthesis. They assemble amino acids into proteins based on instructions from the cell's DNA.

Question 32

Mitochondria

Answer 32

Known as the "powerhouses" of the cell, these organelles generate energy by converting nutrients into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which fuels cellular activities.

Question 33

Organelles

Answer 33

Specialised structures within a cell that perform distinct functions, such as energy production (mitochondria), protein synthesis (ribosomes), or genetic material storage (nucleus).

Question 34

Pituitary Gland

Answer 34

Often called the "master gland," it is a pea-shaped gland located at the base of the brain. It produces and regulates hormones that control various bodily functions, such as growth, metabolism, and reproductive processes, while also influencing other glands in the endocrine system.

Question 35

Thyroid Gland

Answer 35

A butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, it produces hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that regulate metabolism, energy levels, and overall growth and development.

Question 36

Adrenal Gland

Answer 36

A pair of small glands located on top of each kidney. They produce essential hormones like cortisol (regulates stress), adrenaline (triggers the "fight or flight" response), and aldosterone (maintains blood pressure and fluid balance).

Question 37

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 37

The chamber of the body located between the neck and abdomen, enclosed by the rib cage. It houses vital organs like the heart and lungs, along with structures such as the oesophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels. It is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm.

Question 38

Abdomino-pelvic Cavity

Answer 38

The largest cavity in the body, it is located below the diaphragm and includes two regions—the abdominal cavity (housing organs like the stomach, liver, kidneys, and intestines) and the pelvic cavity (containing the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum).

Question 39

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 39

A fluid-filled space within the thoracic cavity that surrounds the heart. It is enclosed by the pericardium, a protective membrane, and the fluid within reduces friction as the heart beats.

Question 40

Thermodynamics

Answer 40

A branch of physics that studies the relationships between heat, energy, and work. It focuses on how energy is transferred or transformed in different systems, governed by four fundamental laws that explain concepts like energy conservation, entropy, and the direction of heat flow.

Question 41

Anabolism

Answer 41

A metabolic process in which the body builds complex molecules, such as proteins, DNA, and lipids, from simpler ones. This process requires energy and is essential for growth, repair, and maintaining body tissues.

Question 42

Catabolism

Answer 42

A metabolic process where the body breaks down complex molecules, like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into simpler molecules, such as glucose and amino acids. This releases energy, which is then used for various cellular activities.

Question 43

ATP

Answer 43

'Adenosine Triphosphate' is called the "energy currency" of the cell, powering cellular processes.

Question 44

Pathophysiology

Answer 44

The study of how normal physiological processes are altered by disease or injury. It focuses on the mechanisms and effects of these changes on the body’s functions, helping to explain symptoms and guide treatment strategies.

Question 45

Pathology

Answer 45

The branch of medicine that studies the causes, nature, and effects of diseases. It involves examining tissues, cells, and organs to understand disease mechanisms and aid in diagnosis and treatment.

Question 46

Pathogenesis

Answer 46

The biological process through which a disease develops and progresses, including the origin and mechanisms that lead to its onset. It focuses on how various factors, such as pathogens, genetic mutations, or environmental triggers, cause illness and lead to symptoms.

Question 47

Morphologic

Answer 47

Pertains to morphology, which is the study of the form, structure, and appearance of organisms or their specific parts. In a medical or biological context, it often relates to the physical characteristics of cells, tissues, or organs, especially when assessing changes due to disease or development.

Question 48

Prognosis

Answer 48

A medical term referring to the predicted course and outcome of a disease or condition. It includes an estimate of the chances of recovery, potential complications, and overall outlook, often based on factors like the type of illness, the patient's health, and available treatments.

Question 49

Stem Cell

Question 50

Ipmat

Question 51

Meiosis

Question 52

Ectopic Pregnancy

Question 53

Metabolism

Question 54

Signs

Question 55

Symptoms