Module 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
1
Q
How many levels of organisation in human body?
A
6
2
Q
1st level of org.
A
Chemical Level.
3
Q
2nd level of org.
A
Cellular Level.
4
Q
3rd level of org.
A
Tissue Level.
5
Q
4th level of org.
A
Organ Level.
6
Q
5th level of org.
A
Organ System level.
7
Q
6th Level of org.
A
Organismal Level.
8
Q
Chemical Level
A
- Simplest level of org. in body.
- Chemical elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen join to form biological molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and vitamins.
9
Q
Cellular Level
A
-2nd level of org.
- Biological molecules (chemical level) form structures of cells.
10
Q
Tissue Level
A
-3rd level of org.
- Tissues exist when two or more cells come together (cellular level).
11
Q
Organ Level
A
4th level of org.
- Tissues (tissue level) work together so organs can carry out more specific and complex functions tissues cannot achieve on their own.
12
Q
Organ System Level
A
- 5th level of org.
- Multiple organs (organ level) work together to achieve processes a single organ cannot.
- Example: digestive system is made up of mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.
13
Q
Organismal Level
A
- 6th level of org.
- Most complex level of organisation.
- Several organ systems (organ level) working together to ensure body functions smoothly.
14
Q
4 Major Tissue Types
A
- Connective Tissue
- Epithelial Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
15
Q
Connective Tissue
A
- Joins / “glues” tissues together.
- Most common tissue type found in body.
- Diverse - ranges from fluid to solid.
- 5 types of connective tissue in human body.
16
Q
Types of Connective Tissue
A
- Loose Connective Tissue
- Dense Connective Tissue.
- Cartilage.
- Bone (solid tissue example).
- Blood (fluid tissue example).
17
Q
Epithelial Tissue
A
- Covers and lines organs.
- Classified according to shape and arrangement of cells.
- Skin is a kind of epithelial tissue.
- Unique - no blood supply.
18
Q
Muscle Tissue
A
- Provides means for movement of body + substances within it.
- Classified by ability to contract voluntarily, presence of striations, stripes in muscle cells.,
19
Q
Types of Muscle Tissue
A
- Skeletal: found in muscles attached to skeleton.
- Cardiac: found in heart.
- Smooth muscle: found in internal organs and blood vessels.
20
Q
Nervous Tissue
A
- Rapid messenger system, delivers messages from one part of body to another swiftly.
- Two kinds of nerve cells found in nervous tissue:
- Neuron: basic messaging unit.
- Glia: provide metabolic support.
21
Q
Anatomical Position
A
- standing erect
- face forward
- feet parallel
- arms hanging at sides
- palms faced forward
22
Q
Body Planes
A
- Transversal / Horizontal
- Median / Mid-Sagittal
- Frontal / Coronal
23
Q
Transversal / Horizontal Plane
A
- splits body horizontally (perpendicular to ground;
- splits into superior and inferior sections.
- often used in medical imaging to create cross-sectional images of body.
24
Q
Median / Mid-Sagittal Plane
A
- divides body into equal left and right halves;
-splits body vertically.
- used in medical imaging.
25
Frontal / Coronal Plane
- divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
- runs perpendicular to sagittal plane.
- runs parallel to horizontal plane.
26
Sagittal vs Mid-Sagittal
Sagittal - Any plane that runs through body vertically. There can be multiple.
Mid-Sagittal - Vertical plane which is centred, dividing the body into perfect left and right halves. There is only one.
