General Patho

Question 1

pathophysiology

Answer 1

study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells, bodily fluids

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

maintenance of relatively stable internal environment, regardless of external changes

Question 3

disease

Answer 3

deviation from normal, healthy state of homeostasis

Question 4

health indicators

Answer 4

“normal” values that occur within a range of values

Question 5

7 steps to health

Answer 5

• Don’t smoke & avoid secondhand smoke
• 5-10 servings of vegetables & fruit per day
• Regular physical activity
• Sun protection
• Cancer screenings
• Doctor/dentist visit if any change in health
• Follow health & safety guidelines

Question 6

3 types of disease prevention

Answer 6

primary
secondary
tertiary

Question 7

primary prevention

Answer 7

before evidence of disease/injury - intended to reduce/eliminate risk factors

Question 8

immunizations, condoms, social campaigns, clean water are _______ prevention

Answer 8

primary

Question 9

secondary prevention

Answer 9

after disease has begun, but before symptoms - intended to diagnose early through screening

Question 10

pap test, colonoscopy are _______ prevention

Answer 10

secondary

Question 11

tertiary prevention

Answer 11

after disease/injury is established - intended to prevent sequelae of disease - all care given after diagnosis

Question 12

gross level

Answer 12

organ/organ system

Question 13

microscopic level

Answer 13

cells

Question 14

biopsy

Answer 14

excision of small amounts of living tissue

Question 15

diagnosis

Answer 15

ID of a basic disease by a provider

Question 16

difference between s/s

Answer 16

signs: objective, observed
symptoms: subjective, described by pt

Question 17

idiopathic

Answer 17

cause of disease is unknown

Question 18

iatrogenic

Answer 18

medical error/treatment/procedure causes disease

Question 19

predisposing factors

Answer 19

increase risk - age, sex, genetics, environment

Question 20

prophylaxis

Answer 20

preserve health; prevent disease spread

Question 21

pathogenesis

Answer 21

development of disease

Question 22

sudden onset vs insidious

Answer 22

sudden: acute
insidious: vague, gradual, mild

Question 23

acute

Answer 23

short term, quick development - high fever, severe symptoms

Question 24

chronic

Answer 24

insidious, gradual development - milder symptoms, intermittent acute severe symptoms

Question 25

subclinical state

Answer 25

patient has disease with no obvious clinical manifestations

Question 26

latent state

Answer 26

no s/s

Question 27

latent called ________ in infectious disease

Answer 27

incubation

Question 28

prodromal period

Answer 28

early development - signs nonspecific or absent

Question 29

ex. prodromal period

Answer 29

Herpes pts

Question 30

lesions

Answer 30

specific local change in tissue

Question 31

syndrome

Answer 31

collection of s/s - No single test says you definitely have a disease - Diagnosed based on clinical manifestation

Question 32

diagnostic tests

Answer 32

used to diagnose a disease - screening tools, lab tests, radiological tests

Question 33

remissions vs exacerbations

Answer 33

manifestations subside severity worsens

Question 34

precipitating factor

Answer 34

condition that triggers acute episode

Question 35

complications

Answer 35

new, secondary or additional problems

Question 36

therapy

Answer 36

measures to promote recovery

Question 37

sequelae

Answer 37

potential unwanted outcomes

Question 38

Convalescence & rehabilitation

Answer 38

period of recovery

Question 39

morbidity

Answer 39

disease rates within a group

Question 40

mortality

Answer 40

relative number of deaths resulting from disease

Question 41

epidemiology

Answer 41

tracking of pattern/occurence of disease - WHO and CDC

Question 42

incidence

Answer 42

number of new cases within a population within a given time

Question 43

prevalence

Answer 43

number of new, old, or current cases within a population and within a given time

Question 44

epidemic

Answer 44

high number of cases of an infectious disease in a population

Question 45

pandemic

Answer 45

high number of cases in various areas across globe

Question 46

reportable/notifiable diseases

Answer 46

must be reported by provider to authorities - intended to prevent further spread