Integument Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
lesions that develop as direct result of disease process
A
primary
2
Q
lesions that evolve from primary lesions or develop as a consequence
A
secondary
3
Q
flat, distinct, discolored area <10mm; no change in thickness/texture of skin
A
macule
4
Q
larger macule
A
patch
5
Q
elevated macule; <10mm; can be palpated
A
papule
6
Q
firm papule extending into dermis or SQ
A
nodule
7
Q
clear fluid filled blister; <10mm
A
vesicle
8
Q
clear fluid filled blister; >10mm
A
bullae
9
Q
vesicle containing pus
A
pustule
10
Q
lesion - elevated; caused by localized edema; pruritic; red
A
wheal/hive
11
Q
area of fibrosis replacing normal skin after injury
A
scar
12
Q
heaped up accumulation of horny epithelium
A
scale
13
Q
dried serum, blood, pus
A
crust/scab
14
Q
open areas of skin resulting from loss of part/all of epidermis
A
erosion
15
Q
loss of epidermis & at least part of dermis
A
ulcer
16
Q
thinning of skin; dry and wrinkled like tissue paper
A
atrophy
17
Q
foci of small, permanently dilated vessels; sun damage areas
A
telangiectase
18
Q
palpable; >10mm; elevated or depressed; flat topped or rounded
A
plaque
19
Q
nonblanchable punctate foci of hemorrhage; <3mm
A
petechiae
20
Q
3-10mm petechiae; may be palpable
A
purpura
21
Q
>10mm area of hemorrhage; may be palpable
A
ecchymosis/bruise
22
Q
straight lesion
A
linear
23
Q
ring like lesions with central clearing
A
annular
24
Q
circular/coin shaped lesions
A
nummular
25
bullseye lesion
target
26
linear, branched and curving aspects of a lesion
serpiginous
27
lacy/networked lesion
reticulated
28
grouped papules/vesicles
herpetiform lesions
29
clustered in dermatomal distribution - one side of body
zosteriform lesions
30
irregular, pebbly, rough surfaced lesions
verrucuous
31
thickening of skin c accentuation of normal skin markings
lichenification
32
lichenification secondary to…
itching - eczema, psoriasis
33
deep thickening of skin
induration
34
induration is a red flag for…
cancer
35
lesion with central indentation
umbilicated
36
yellowish, waxy lesions
xanthomas
37
primary intention healing
minimal tissue loss - approximation of skin, healing after suturing
38
secondary intention healing
need more tissue replacement - open wounds, ulcers
39
4 stages of wound healing
homeostasis
inflammation/regeneration
proliferative/resolution
remodeling/repair
40
problems associated with scar formation
loss of function
contractures & obstructions
hypertrophic scar tissue (keloids)
ulceration
41
dysfunctional collagen synthesis
keloid scars
42
wound disruption - it pops out of the stitches (ew)
dehisence
43
skin contracts, limiting ROM
contracture
44
6 causes of burns
thermal
chemical/caustic
radiation
electrical
light
friction
45
\_\_\_\_\_ pts at risk for radiation burns
cancer
46
what to look for with electrical wounds
entrance & exit wounds
cardiac issues
47
* Epidermis burned
* Erythema; painful; dry; no blisters
* Ex sunburn
superficial partial thickness (1st degree)
48
* Epidermis & part of dermis burned
* Inflammation; edema; erythema; blisters; white or splotchy skin; pain; scarring
deep partial thickness (2nd degree)
49
* Burn to all skin layers and often underlying tissue
* Painless (burned through all nerves); skin appears white, black, brown, charred, leathery
* Presence of eschar
full thickness (3rd degree)
50
use _______ to estimate % of body burned
rule of 9s
51
burn to \_\_\_% or more of body considered severe
20%
52
burns with highest risk of infection
deep partial thickness/2nd degree
53
goal of severe burn healing
wound debridement & closure in a manner that promotes survival
54
most common inflammatory disease of skin
eczema
55
eczema is a Type __ hypersensitivity and Ig\_ mediated
1
E
56
tx eczema
avoid triggers
keep skin moisturized
57
most noxious sx of eczema
severe pruritus
58
contact dermatitis is a type ___ hypersensitivity and ____ mediated
4
T cell
59
examples of contact dermatitis
poison ivy
nickel allergy
60
dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to urine & feces
diaper dermatitis
61
diaper dermatitis may secondarily cause a ____ infection
candida
62
tx diaper dermatitis
* Frequent diaper changes
* Regular exposure of skin to air
* Superabsorbant diapers
* Petroleum or zinc oxide
* Antifungal meds if *C. albicans* present
63
Chronic, relapsing & remitting, proliferataive inflammatory disorder of skin
psoriasis
64
epidermal turnover rises from 14-20 days to 3-4 days
psoriasis
65
silvery plaque formation sx of…
psoriasis
66
tx psoriasis
antirheumatic meds
ointments
67
lupus is a type ___ hypersensitivity
3
68
* Photosensitivity
* Butterfly rash over nose and cheeks
systemic lupus erythmatosus
69
local or systemic sclerosis of skin
scleroderma
70
localized type of scleroderma lacks…
sclerodactyly, Raynaud’s phenomenon, abnormalities of nail bed capillaries, internal organ involvement
71
Skin is hard, hypopigmented, taut, shiny, tightly connected to underlying tissue
scleroderma
72
impetigo contagiosum caused by…
staph aureus
73
staph exfoliatin toxin causes…
disruption of desmosomal adhesion molecules
74
* Honey-colored crusty lesions on face, around nose and mouth
* High incidence in hot, humid climates
* Highly contagious
impetigo contagiosum
75
tx impetigo
topical mupirocin or fusidic acid
76
causes of acne vulgaris
excessive sebum
* Staphylococcus aureus*
* Propionibacterium acnes*
77
blackheads (open) and whiteheads (closed)
noninflammatory acne
78
follicular wall rupture in closed comedones - cystic nodules
inflammatory acne
79
“inverse acne”
hidradenitis supperative
80
* Armpits, groin - sweat gland locations
* Hyperkeratosis & occlusion of pilosebacious follicular ducts
hidradenitis supperativa
81
* Virus induces epidermal cell proliferation
* Slightly umbilicated, dome-shaped papules - face, trunk, extremities
* Autoinoculation
molluscum contagiosum
82
tx molluscum contagiosum
immunomodulatory & antiviral therapy
destructive procedures
83
Rash or clusters of inflamed, painful vesicles
herpes simplex
84
most common locations of HSV1 and 2
HSV 1 - oral
HSV 2 - genital
BUT they can each be found in both places
85
varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes…
shingles
chickenpox
86
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is dermatomal (on one side of body only)
VZV
87
ringworm
tinea corporis
88
scalp ringworm
tinea capitis
89
Candida infection typically in mouth
thrush
90
scabies caused by mite…
*Sarcoptes scabiei*
91
most scabies problems are caused by…
feces of the mites underneath skin
92
Rash on trunk, extremities - often not on head - papules, vesicles - burrow lines with severe itching
scabies
93
tx scabies
scabicide cream
linen cleaning
Ivermectin if severe
94
intrinsic pressure ulcer r/f
immobility; sensory loss; age; disease; malnutrition; incontinence
95
extrinsic pressure ulcer r/f
pressure; friction/shear; heat; moisture; posture
96
pressure ulcer prevention strategies
Frequent skin assessment; repositioning; pressure reduction, removal, redistribution; elimination of moisture; moisture barrier
97
Malfunctioning venous valves - pressure on veins
erythema; pruritus; scaling; petechiae; hyperpigmentation; ulcerations
venous stasis ulcer
98
vesicle
99
scale
100
nodule
101
bulla
102
urticaria
hives - Type 1 hypersensitivity to allergens
103
inflammation of skin vessels
cutaneous vasculitis
104
2 types of cutaneous hemangioma
* _Superficial_ - “strawberry” - raised vascular lesions - emerge 3-5 weeks after birth - bright red, small capillary projections
* _Cavernous_ - present at birth - spongy purple mass of tissue - larger & more mature vessels
105
common benign vascular tumor of childhood
cutaneous hemangioma
106
tx cutaneous hemangioma
beta blockers
107
benign, rough, scaly benign growth
actinic keratosis
108
actinic keratosis
109
common, noncancerous, benign proliferation of cutaneous basal cells
seborrheic keratosis
110
seborrheic keratosis
111
most common cancer
grows slowly
firm to touch
metastasis rare
basal cell carcinoma
112
basal cell carcinoma
113
second most common skin cancer
fairly slow growing
squamous cell carcinoma
114
squamous cell carcinoma
115
Vascular malignancy associated c immunodeficiency
associated c HIV
pruritic, painful, purple brown lesions
Kaposi sarcoma
116
Kaposi sarcoma
117
melanoma
118
r/f for skin cancer
* Fair skin, red hair, light eyes, freckles
* Hx of sunburns - especially blistering sunburns in childhood
* Excessive sun exposure
* Sunny or high-altitude climates
* Moles
* Precancerous skin lesions
* Family hx
* Personal hx
* Weakened immune system
* Exposure to radiation
* Exposure to certain substances (arsenic)
119
characteristics of an irregular mole
* A - asymmetry
* B - irregular border
* C - change in color
* D - diameter \> pencil eraser
* E - evolving
120
loss of hair
alopecia
121
female pattern alopecia
Androgen-sensitive & androgenic insensitive
122
abnormal growth & distribution of hair in a male pattern occurring in women
hirsutism
123
fungal infection of nail
onychomycosis
124
infection of nail cuticle
paronychia
125
hidradenitis supperativa
