Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Ch.9

Question 1

An example of the prevalence of HGT is the increasing global resistance to antibiotics by human pathogens such as

Answer 1

Streptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 2

Any bacterial genes are randomly packaged into new viruses (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 2

Generalized Transduction

Question 3

Bacterial genes adjacent to previously incorporated virus are packaged into new viruses (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 3

Specialized Transduction

Question 4

Conjugation involves only plasmids, particularly those carrying genes for antibiotic resistance

Answer 4

Streptococcus mutans

Question 5

Donor Bacterial genes are incorporated into chromosome of new bacterium (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 5

Generalized Transduction

Question 6

Donor Bacterial genes are incorporated into chromosome of new bacterium together with transducing viruses (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 6

Specialized Transduction

Question 7

During release from chromosome in replication, viral DNA accidentally excises some bacterial DNA to make new viruses (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 7

Specialized Transduction

Question 8

During replication, enzymes accidentally use some bacterial DNA to make new viruses (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 8

Generalized Transduction

Question 9

Frederick Griffith used this type of bacteria in his experiments on transformation

Answer 9

S. pneumoniae reffered to as pneumococcus

Question 10

Growing cells of the this bacterium secrete a competence factor to induce the competence state

Answer 10

S.pneumoniae

Question 11

Harbors proviral DNA providing the genetic gode for a toxin causing diphteria

Answer 11

Corynebacterium Diphteria

Question 12

Internalization of DNA in transformation occurs in a way that a double-stranded DNA fragment is transported into the periplasmic space, but then one strand is digested by nuclease before transport into the bacterial cytoplasm.

Answer 12

Gram-negative H. influenzae

Question 13

Internalization of DNA in transformation occurs in a way that one strand of the fragment of DNA is degraded as it is being taken into the cell

Answer 13

Gram-positive bacterial species ex. S.pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis

Question 14

Pathogens resitant to methicillin, oxacillin, penicillin and amoxicillin

Answer 14

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Question 15

Phage penetrates bacterial cell and entes lysogenic cycle (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 15

Specialized Transduction

Question 16

Phage penetrates bacterial cell and entes lytic cycle (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 16

Generalized Transduction

Question 17

Some new viruses have bacterial DNA and no viral DNA (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 17

Generalized Transduction

Question 18

Some new viruses have both viral DNA and bacterial DNA (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 18

Specialized Transduction

Question 19

The cells of this bacterium become competent when the culture is switched from a rich to a minimal growth medium

Answer 19

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 20

Toxins encoded by proviral DNA

Answer 20

Staphylococcal enterotoxins in food poisining, clostridial toxins in some forms of botulism, and streptococcal toxins in scarlet fever.

Question 21

Transducing viruses enter recipient bacterium. (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 21

Both Generalized and Specialized Transduction.

Question 22

Viral DNA begins to replicate immediately in the bacterial cytoplasm (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 22

Generalized Transduction

Question 23

Viral DNA incorporates into the DNA of the bacterium. Replication begins at a later time. (Generalized or Specialized Transduction)

Answer 23

Specialized Transduction

Question 24

Virulent phage that carrries out generalized transduction

Answer 24

P1 phage that infects E.coli