Ch.3 Interactive glossary

Question 1

A chemical dye used to provide color and contrast to cells.

Answer 1

Stain

Question 2

A group of prokaryotic species living in a communal association and representing a multicellular state.

Answer 2

Biofilm

Question 3

A long, thin cell structure composed of protein and responsible for cell motility in some prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms.

Answer 3

Flagellum

Question 4

A microorganism composed of single cells having a single chromosome but no cell nucleus or nuclear membrane envelope.

Answer 4

Prokaryote

Question 5

A phospholipid bilayer with proteins that surrounds all cells.

Answer 5

Membrane

Question 6

A process in which certain bacteria resist decolorization with acid alcohol after staining with a primary dye.

Answer 6

Acid-fast technique

Question 7

A rank in the classification system of organisms composed of two or more species; a collection of genera constitute a family.

Answer 7

Genus

Question 8

A staining process that results in clear or white bacterial cells on a stained background when viewed with the light microscope.

Answer 8

Negative stain technique

Question 9

A subcellular compartment typical of eukaryotic cells where specific cellular functions occur.

Answer 9

Organelle

Question 10

A subcellular region in many bacterial cells that is surround by a protein shell.

Answer 10

Microcompartment

Question 11

A technique used for differentiating bacterial cells into two groups, gram positive and gram negative.

Answer 11

Gram stain technique

Question 12

A unit of measurement equivalent to one billionth of a meter and is often used in measuring viruses and the wavelength of energy.

Answer 12

Nanometer (nm)

Question 13

A unit of measurement, equivalent to one millionth of a meter, that is commonly used in measuring the size of microorganisms.

Answer 13

Micrometer

Question 14

An interconnected system of fibers, threads, and interwoven molecules typical of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 14

Cytoskeleton

Question 15

An organelle found in many eukaryotic cells that contains digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes.

Answer 15

Lysosome

Question 16

One of the five kingdoms in the Whittaker classification of living things, composed of the molds and yeasts.

Answer 16

Fungi

Question 17

That portion of a cell consisting of water, salts, ions, and organic compounds.

Answer 17

Cytosol

Question 18

The ability of a microscope lens system to clearly distinguish between closely spaced small objects.

Answer 18

Resolving power

Question 19

The ability of an organism to maintain a relatively stable internal state.

Answer 19

Homeostasis

Question 20

The bilayer of phospholipids and proteins that surrounds the prokaryotic cell cytoplasm.

Answer 20

Cell membrane

Question 21

The conversion of light energy into chemical energy that occurs in chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 21

Photosynthesis

Question 22

The diffusion of water across the semipermeable membrane.

Answer 22

Osmosis

Question 23

The domain of living things that excludes the Bacteria and Eukarya.

Answer 23

Archaea

Question 24

The domain of living things that includes all organisms not classified as Archaea or Eukarya.

Answer 24

Bacteria

Question 25

The domain of organisms including the protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

Answer 25

Eukarya

Question 26

The eukaryotic cell structure in which cell respiration occurs.

Answer 26

Mitochondrion

Question 27

The eukaryotic organelle involved with the processing, sorting, and packing of proteins and lipids coming from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 27

Golgi apparatus

Question 28

The fundamental rank in the classification system of organisms and which is composed of a genus and specific epithet.

Answer 28

Species

Question 29

The membrane-bound structure found in algae and used for photosynthesis.

Answer 29

Chloroplast

Question 30

The official manual of bacteriology that lists the names and characteristics of the known Bacteria and Archaea.

Answer 30

Bergey's Manual

Question 31

The phospholipid bilayer with proteins that surrounds the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm.

Answer 31

Plasma membrane

Question 32

The process by which cells to move from one place to another through the action of flagella.

Answer 32

Motility

Question 33

The science dealing with the systematized arrangements (classification) of related organisms into logical categories.

Answer 33

Taxonomy

Question 34

The space inside a cell and surrounded by a membrane.

Answer 34

Cytoplasm

Question 35

The structure in all cells that synthesizes proteins from instruction received from the DNA.

Answer 35

Ribosome

Question 36

The structure providing support for and shape of cells and helps resist internal water pressure.

Answer 36

Cell wall

Question 37

The system of classification established by Carl Woese based primarily on their studies of ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences.

Answer 37

Three-domain system

Question 38

The system of flat and tubule-like membranes in eukaryotic cells that transport proteins and lipids.

Answer 38

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

The system of nomenclature that uses the genus and specific epithet to refer to organisms.

Answer 39

Binomial system

Question 40

The system that transports proteins and lipids through and out of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 40

Endomembrane system

Question 41

The systematized arrangement of related organisms based on molecular characteristics, such as ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences.

Answer 41

Molecular taxonomy

Question 42

The type of microscope that provides a three-dimensional view of an organism's surface details.

Answer 42

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Question 43

The type of microscope typically used in the microbiology laboratory.

Answer 43

Light microscope

Question 44

The type of microscope used to observe the fine details in the structure of cells.

Answer 44

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 45

The type of microscopy involving the emission of a specific color of light by objects absorbing a shorter wavelength radiation.

Answer 45

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 46

The type of microscopy that generates bright objects on a dark background.

Answer 46

Dark-field microscopy

Question 47

The type of microscopy that uses a special condenser and objective lenses to generate refractive differences within a specimen.

Answer 47

Phase-contrast microscopy

Question 48

The use of a single basic (cationic) dye to contrast cells.

Answer 48

Simple stain technique