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Microbiology > Ch.5 Interactive glossary > Flashcards

Ch.5 Interactive glossary Flashcards

1
Q

A bacteriological medium that binds oxygen gas from the atmosphere and creates an environment suitable for anaerobic growth.

A

Thioglycollate broth

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2
Q

A bacterium not inhibited by oxygen gas

A

Aerotolerant

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3
Q

A chemically defined medium in which the nature and quantity of each component is identified.

A

Synthetic medium

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4
Q

A chemically undefined medium in which the nature and quantity of each component has not been identified.

A

Complex medium

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5
Q

A common bacteriological growth medium consisting of beef extract, peptone, and water.

A

Nutrient broth

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6
Q

A common bacteriological growth medium consisting of beef extract, peptone, water, and agar.

A

Nutrient agar

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7
Q

A differential growth medium that encourages the growth of staphylococci by containing a high percentage of salt, which is inhibitory to most other microorganisms.

A

Mannitol salt agar (MSA)

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8
Q

A growth medium containing special nutrients to grow fastidious organisms.

A

Enriched medium

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9
Q

A growth medium in which different species of microorganisms can be distinguished visually.

A

Differential medium

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10
Q

A growth medium that contains ingredients to inhibit certain microorganisms while encouraging the growth of others.

A

Selective medium

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10
Q

A laboratory test in which a statistical evaluation is used to estimate the number of bacterial cells in a sample of fluid; often employed in determinations of coliform bacteria in water.

A

Most probable number test

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11
Q

A measure of the viable cells by counting the number of colonies on a plate; each colony presumably started from one viable cell.

A

Colony forming unit

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12
Q

A microbe that grows best without salt but can tolerate low concentrations.

A

Halotolerant

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13
Q

A microorganism that cannot grow in the presence of added sodium chloride.

A

Nonhalophile

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14
Q

A microorganism that grows at acidic pHs below 4.

A

Acidophile

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15
Q

A microorganism that lives under conditions of high atmospheric pressure.

A

Barophile

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16
Q

A polysaccharide derived from marine seaweed that is used as a solidifying agent in many microbiological culture media.

A

Agar

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17
Q

A portion of a bacterial growth curve encompassing the first few hours of the population’s history when no growth occurs.

A

Lag phase

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18
Q

A procedure to estimate the number of cells in a sample dilution spread on an agar plate.

A

Standard plate count

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19
Q

A process by which a mixed culture can be separated into pure colonies and the colonies isolated

A

Pour plate method

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20
Q

A process by which a mixed culture can be streaked onto an agar plate and pure colonies isolated.

A

Streak plate method

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21
Q

A prokaryote requiring relatively high concentrations of salt (NaCl).

A

Halophile

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22
Q

A prokaryote that has an optimal growth temperature above 80 degrees C.

A

Hyperthermophile

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23
Q

A prokaryote that is alive but cannot be cultured on any known growth medium.

A

VBNC

24
Q

An accumulation or colony of microorganisms of one species.

A

Pure culture

25
Q

An archaeal organism living at an extremely acidic pH.

A

Extreme acidophile

26
Q

An asexual process in bacterial and archaeal cells by which a cell divides to form two new cells while maintaining genetic constancy.

A

Binary fission

27
Q

An extremely resistant dormant cell produced by some gram-positive bacterial species.

A

Endospore

27
Q

An inward pinching of the cell envelope during binary fission.

A

Cytokinesis

28
Q

An organic substance that helps stabilize the proteins and DNA in a bacterial spore, thereby increasing spore resistance.

A

Diplocilinic acid

29
Q

An organism that cannot use oxygen gas for metabolism.

A

Obligate anaerobe

30
Q

An organism that does not require or cannot use oxygen gas for metabolism.

A

Anaerobe

31
Q

An organism that grows best in an oxygen-reduced environment.

A

Microaerophile

31
Q

An organism that grows in temperature ranges of 20 degrees C to 40 degrees C.

A

Mesophile

32
Q

An organism that lives at cold temperature ranges of 0 degrees C to 20 degrees C.

A

Psychrophile

33
Q

An organism that lives at high temperature ranges of 40 degrees C to 90 degrees C.

A

Thermophile

34
Q

An organism that lives in environments with high concentrations of salt.

A

Halophile

35
Q

An organism that requires oxygen gas for metabolism.

A

Obligate aerobe

35
Q

Each bacterial cell on an agar growth medium that divides to produce a discrete colony.

A

Colony forming unit (CFU)

36
Q

Estimation of the number of cells by observation with the light microscope.

A

Direct microscopic count

37
Q

One method to produce pure cultures in hardened agar.

A

Pour-plate isolation method

38
Q

One method to produce pure cultures on an agar plate.

A

Streak-plate isolation method

39
Q

Referring to a prokaryotic cell requiring low oxygen gas and a high concentration of carbon dioxide gas for metabolism.

A

Capnophilic

40
Q

Referring to an organism that does not require free oxygen.

A

Anaerobe

41
Q

Referring to an organism that grows best in an oxygen-reduced environment.

A

Microaerophile

42
Q

Referring to an organism that grows in the presence or absence of oxygen gas

A

Facultative

43
Q

Referring to microorganisms that grow at 0 degrees C but have a temperature optima of 20 degrees to 40 degrees C.

A

Psychrotolerant

44
Q

Referring to prokaryotes that are viable but not culturable.

A

Viable but not culturable (VBNC)

45
Q

The cloudiness of a broth culture due to bacterial growth.

A

Turbidity

46
Q

The final portion of a bacterial growth curve in which environmental factors overwhelm the population and induce death; also called death phase.

A

Decline phase

47
Q

The final portion of a bacterial growth curve in which environmental factors overwhelm the population and induce death; also called the decline phase.

A

Death phase

48
Q

The form of reproduction that maintains genetic constancy while increasing cell numbers.

A

Asexual reproduction

49
Q

The initial portion of a bacterial growth curve during which time the cells are preparing for reproduction (binary fission).

A

Lag phase

50
Q

The portion of a bacterial growth curve in which the reproductive and death rates of cells are equal.

A

Stationary phase

51
Q

The process of spore formation.

A

Sporulation

52
Q

The second portion of a bacterial growth curve, in which active growth leads to a rapid rise in cell number.

A

Logarithmic (log) phase

53
Q

The third portion of a bacterial growth curve in which the reproductive and death rates of cells are equal.

A

Stationary phase

54
Q

The time interval for a cell population to double in number

A

Generation time

Microbiology (23 decks)

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