Genetics Flashcards
(21 cards)
Genes are…
inherited from both parents.
They are base sequences of DNA that code for protein synthesis
Genes are passed down via … and …
Sexual reproduction and meiosis
Which cells undergo meiosis?
Haploid cells
Who showed the process of meiosis and with what?
Mendel with pea plants
characteristics are influenced by both…
genetic and environmental factors
Alleles?
are different variations of the same gene.
they can be dominant or recessive
Genotype?
is the total genetic constitution of an organism.
Phenotype?
the physical expression of a genetic constitution and its interaction with the environment.
Homozygous?
Having the same allele version for a genomic marker
Heterozygous?
2 different alleles for a trait
Dominant
A variation of a gene/allele that will produce a certain phenotype, even in the presence of other alleles as it can mask recessive alleles.
Recessive
A type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual. Two copies of the allele need to be present for the phenotype to be expressed as it usually masked.
what are diploid and haploid cells?
Diploid = 46 chromosomes, contains 2 homologous copies of chromosomes, 1 from each parent
Haploid - 23 chromosomes, normally gametes (sperm and egg cells), formed via meiosis.
What are Mendel’s laws of genetics? (3)
Law of:
dominance, segregation, indépendant assortment
Law of dominance?
between 2 different alleles, the dominant masks the other
law of segregation?
chromosomes segregate into gametes in order to pass on genetic information
Law of independent assortment?
alleles on different chromosomes are randomly distributed into gametes.
Punnet squares
shows the possible outcomes of genetic crosses.
Sexual reproduction?
2 gametes fuse to form a diploid cell/ embryo.
carrier?
an individual who possess an allele, doesn’t express it but can pass it on to offspring.
Clinical significance?
Mutations
