Inflammation

Question 1

Inflammation is…

Answer 1

a physiological response due to tissue injury. It’s categorised by increased blood flow leading to higher temp, pain, redness, swelling, and possible loss of function of area.

Question 2

Inflammation can be caused by… (4)

Answer 2

inanimate objects
chemical agents
physical trauma
pathogen

Question 3

Inflammation is carried out by … and …

Answer 3

cells and mediators

Question 4

cells involved in inflammation (3)

Answer 4

mast cells (histamine rich cells, degranulate when bound to an allergen)

neutrophils (white blood cells + phagocytes)

macrophages

Question 5

Mediators involved in inflammation (5)

Answer 5

histamine
serotonin
cytokines
prostaglandins
leukotrienes

Question 6

2 types of inflammation

Answer 6

acute or chronic

Question 7

What is acute inflammation?

Answer 7

1) vasodilation - increases blood flow

2) causes blood vessel walls to become permeable to clotting factors/WBC aiming to reduce spread of microbe

*histamine and nitric oxide are the primary mediators for vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.

Question 8

After inflammation, what is the response of WBC?

Answer 8

1) neutrophils are recruited via chemotaxis

2) monocytes turn into macrophages, engulf antigens + debris

Question 9

What is the aim of inflammation? (4)

Answer 9

clear initial cue of injury
remove necrotic cells
remove damaged tissue
initiate issue repair

Question 10

+ outcomes of inflammation:

Answer 10

resolution

Question 11

• outcomes of inflammation:

Answer 11

abscess formation (localised area of pus collection)

chronic inflammation - months to years

fibrosis - collagen rich consequence , usually with chronic inflammation

Question 12

clinical significance

Answer 12

allergies
anaphylaxis
asthma
pneumonia
“it is”