Genetics Flashcards
B1.12- B1.13 (18 cards)
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, and organisms genetic information
What is deoxyribose?
The 5 carbon sugar that makes up the back bone of a DNA molecule
Phosphate group
3 phosphates that make up the backbone of the DNA molecule
Nucleotide
- 1 deoxyribose
- 1 phosphate group
- one of 4 nitrogen bases
- ATCG
What is a nucleotide?
The basic building block oof nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)
What is the base pair rule?
A-T
G-C
What is the bond that holds nitrogen bases (a,t,c,g) together?
A hydrogen bond
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic acid, a spiral helix strand that reads DNA instructions to make protiens
What is mRna?
A molecule that carries a message for making proteins
What are amino acids?
Monomers that make up the polymer protein
What is transcription?
The process of making RNA from a segment of DNA called a gene
What is translation?
A process where tRna decodes RNA to make a protein
What is protein synthesis?
A process involving transcription and translation whereby proteins are made
What is tRna?
A molecule involved in protein synthesis that transports an amino acid and has an anticodon
What is a chromosome?
A tightly coiled DNA that is a double helix
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
Adenine- purine
Thymine- pyramidine
Cytosine- pyramidine
Guanine- purine
3 similarities between DNA and RNA
- Made up of phosphates, sugars and bases
- Phosphodiester bonds
- Have adenine, cytosine and guanine
3 differences between DNA and Rna
- double helix vs single strange
- thymine vs uracil
- deoxyribose sugar vs ribose sugar
