Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 1

• Support
• protect organs
• Attachment of ligaments
• Holds joints and muscles involved in movement

Question 2

What part of the body does the skull protect?

Answer 2

Brain

Question 3

What part of the body does the vertebrae protect?

Answer 3

Spinal cord

Question 4

What part of the body does the pelvis protect?

Answer 4

Bladder, rectum, urethra and reproductive organs

Question 5

What part of the bod do the ribs protect?

Answer 5

Heart and lungs

Question 6

How does the skeleton produce blood?

Answer 6

Bone marrow creates stem cells which are able to create different types of blood cells

Question 7

What are erythocytes?

Answer 7

Red blood cells

Question 8

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 8

White blood cells

Question 9

What minerals are bones imbedded with?

Answer 9

Calcium phosphates, proteins and cologne

Question 10

Why is calcium important in bones?

Answer 10

• Neuron communication
• Muscle contraction
• Blood clotting
• Bone strength

Question 11

Why are phosphates important?

Answer 11

They are a major component in DNA and are involved in energy metabolism

Question 12

What does PTH do?

Answer 12

Helps increase blood calcium levels and helps phosphorus levels in your blood and bones

Question 13

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 13

An autoimmune disease where your body produces antibodies against the antigens in the joint

Question 14

Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 14

• Soreness
• Inflammation
• Stiffness
• loss of movement

Question 15

What is cartilage?

Answer 15

Connective tissue

Question 16

What are fibrous joint?

Answer 16

• little to no movement
• skull joints and between joints in jaw and teeth

Question 17

What are cartilaginous joints?

Answer 17

• allows for moderate movement
• joints between vertebrae

Question 18

What are synovial joints?

Answer 18

• most common type of joint
• flexible and movement in a range of way

Question 19

What are ball and socket joints?

Answer 19

allows movement in all directions hip

Question 20

What is hinge joint?

Answer 20

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

Question 21

What are long bones?

Answer 21

Bones that are longer than they are wide e.g. femur, humerus

Question 22

Why are long bones important?

Answer 22

• movement
• support
• producing blood cells

Question 23

What are short bones?

Answer 23

small cube shaped bones e.g. carpals (wrist), tarsals (ankle)

Question 24

Function of short bones

Answer 24

• Stability and support
• Shock absorbent: when running

Question 25

What are flat bones?

Answer 25

Thin flat, often curved. 2 layers of compact bones with spongy bone in between e.g. ribs, skull, pelvis

Question 26

Function of flat bones

Answer 26

- protection - large SA for muscles to attach to - blood cell production

Question 27

What are irregular bones?

Answer 27

Bones that don't fit into other categories e.g. vertebrae, coccyx

Question 28

Function of irregular bones

Answer 28

- protect nervous tissue (spinal cord) - support body weight - attachment for muscles - movement

Question 29

What are sesamoid bones?

Answer 29

Small round bones that are embedded with tendons e.g. patella (kneecaps), base of thumb

Question 30

Functions of sesamoid bones

Answer 30

- reduce friction - absorb stress - smooth movement

Question 31

What is muscular dystrophy?

Answer 31

Causes muscle weakness, genetic

Question 32

Symptoms of muscular dystrophy

Answer 32

- difficulty walking - difficulty lifting things - falling easily - muscle pain - tightness in the joints

Question 33

What is the process of muscle contraction?

Answer 33

1. myosin head attaches to the actin filament making a cross bridge 2. myosin head pivots and bends as it pulls on the actin filament sliding it towards the m line. ADP is released 3. New ATP attaches to the myosin head and the link between myosin and actin weakens. cross bridge detaches 4. ATP is split into ADP and P, myosin head is energized