Homeostasis and Physiological Measurements Flashcards
B1.28- B1.29 (14 cards)
What are the principles of homeostasis?
- Receptors
- Effectors
- Feedback systems
- Role of the nervous system
- Role of the endocrine system
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of the internal environment despite the external environment
Examples of the internal environment
- Body temp
- Concentration of blood (e.g. water, glucose)
- 02 and C02 levels
What is negative feedback?
A way that returns the factor to normal levels (e.g. sweating, insulin release)
What do receptors do?
- Detect the blood concentration of glucose, c02, 02
- Body temperature
What do effectors do?
Usually muscles or gland and secrete hormones or constrict blood vessels that return the factor to its normal level
What’s the role of the nervous system in homeostasis?
- Regulates body temp and heart rate
- Nerve impulses travel quickly so it is involves with most of the rapid feedback mechanisms
What’s the role of the endocrine system in homeostasis?
- Regulates blood glucose and water balance of the body among others
- Long term homeostasis
- Hormones are released in the blood and transported to effectors however response is slower
What happens to enzymes if temperature is too low?
Reactions are too slow
What happens to enzymes if temperature is too high?
Enzymes will loose activity and start to denature
What is the normal temperature for the body?
37°C
- too high= fever
- too low= hypothermia
What’s the normal blood pressure?
120/80 mmHg
- too high= hypertension (140/90)
- too low= hypotension (90/60)
What’s the normal heart rate?
60-100 bpm
- Too fast= tachycardia
- Too slow= bradycardia
What’s the normal oxygen saturation?
95%-100%
- below 92%= hypoxaemia (lack of 02 in blood)
