GI Flashcards
1
Q
3 medications that affect your teeth
A
antidepressants
anti-inflammatory
diuretics
2
Q
poor dentation puts you at risk for _____ _____ _____
A
mitral valve prolapse
3
Q
bacteria in the dental pulp that spreads to the gums
A
periapical abscess
4
Q
diets high in _____ can cause periapical abscesses
A
sugar
5
Q
risk factor for periapical abscess
A
dental carries
6
Q
inflamed or sore mouth
A
stomatitis
7
Q
3 things in magic mouthwash for stomatitis
A
benadryl
Maalox
Viscous lidocaine
8
Q
swish and swallow medication for stomatitis
A
nystatin (mycostatin)
9
Q
medication for stomatitis if it is viral
A
acyclovir
10
Q
with stomatitis do not use ______ mouth swabs
A
chlorhexidine
11
Q
with stomatitis do not use mouthwash with _______
A
alcohol
12
Q
4 causes of TMJ
A
stress
trauma
dislocation
arthritis
13
Q
3 common side effects with TMJ
A
headaches
dizziness
hearing problems
14
Q
2 types of medication taken for TMJ
A
muscle relaxers
anti-inflammatory
15
Q
salivary gland inflammation
A
sialidenitis
16
Q
_____ _____ can block the salivary glands and cause sialadenitis
A
salvatory stones
17
Q
if sialadenitis goes untreated an abscess can spread to the ____ and _____
A
neck and mediastinum
18
Q
substances that trigger saliva flow like hard candy or lemon juice
A
sialagogues
19
Q
xerostomia
A
dry mouth
20
Q
esophageal tumors are often mistaken for ______
A
reflux
21
Q
esophageal tumors usually affect the ____ 2/3 of the esophagus
A
lower
22
Q
painful swallowing
A
odynophagia
23
Q
alcohol causes vasodilation in the esophagus which can lead to esophageal ______
A
varicies
24
Q
surgery done to remove cancer or tumors in the lymph nodes, mouth, tongue, or other areas of the throat or mouth
A
radial neck dissection
25
nerve that controls lower lip movement
marginal nerve
26
nerve that aids in shoulder motility and raising the arms over the head
spinal accessory nerve
27
nerve that controls movement of the tongue
hypoglossal nerve
28
nerve that controls the sensation of the tongue
lingual nerve
29
nerve that controls that movement of one vocal cord
vagus nerve
30
4 things removed in a total radial neck dissection
cervical lymph nodes
sternocleidomastoid muscle
internal jugular vein
spinal accessory muscle
31
total radial neck dissection is most common for ______ _____
esophageal cancer
32
a modified radial neck dissection is when the ______ is left in place
muscle
33
a selective radial neck dissection is when fewer ______ ____ are removed
lymph nodes
34
priority post-op with radial neck dissection
airway
35
there may be permanent numbness in the _____ and _____ after radial neck dissection
ear and neck
36
absent or ineffective peristalsis of the distal esophagus as well as the failure of the esophageal sphincter to relax upon swallowing
achalasia
37
achalasia can be caused by _____ being stuck in the throat and dissolving
pills
38
3 symptoms of achalasia
dysphagia
regurgitation
heartburn
39
with achalasia, the patient should eat slowly and with _____
water
40
intermittent tightening of the esophagus
esophageal spasm
41
esophageal spasms can often mimic _____ pain
heart
42
2 types of esophageal spasms
diffuse esophageal spasm
nutcracker esophagus
43
5 medications to take for esophageal spasms
CCB
smooth muscle relaxers
anticholinergics
TCAs
PPI
44
most common type of hiatal hernia
sliding
45
avoid _______ drugs with hiatal hernias
anticholinergic
46
2 things that diagnose hiatal hernia
CT scan
endoscopy
47
surgical procedure that fixes hiatal hernia
fundoplication
48
after fundoplication the patient cannot ________ because it will put pressure on what was fixed
vomit
49
outpouching in the esophageal wall forming small sacs from herniation
esophageal diverticula
50
_______ sign is heard with Boerhaave's syndrome which is SQ crackling caused by emphysema
Hamman's
51
triad of symptoms for Boerhaave's syndrome
SQ emphysema
bright red vomit
chest pain
52
procedure done to repair hole from Boerhaave's syndrome
vacuum assisted thoracotomy (VATS)
53
2 medications given with a swallowed foreign body because it relaxes the sphincter to allow it to pass into the stomach
glucagon
CCB
54
the best place the retrieve a swallowed foreign body
stomach
55
_______ beverages can also be used to relax the esophageal sphincter if you swallow a foreign body
carbonated
56
stomach acid unbinds vitamin ____ from the food we eat
B12
57
vitamin B12 is absorbed in the _____ _____
small intestines
58
erosive acute gastritis is usually caused by _______, such as drugs and alcohol
irritants
59
erosive acute gastritis can lead to _______
hemorrhaging
60
non-erosive acute gastritis is caused by ________ bacterial infection
H. pylori
61
most common cause of chronic gastritis
H. pylori
62
3 autoimmune disorders that can cause chronic gastritis
hashimoto
Graves
Addisons
63
atrophy of the gastric tissue in chronic gastritis can cause decreased _____ absorption
B12
64
chronic gastritis only has a few symptoms unless there is ______
ulcercation
65
3 meds taken for GERD
PPI
H2 blockers
promotility agents
66
mucosal barrier taken with gastritis that coats the lining of mucosa in the belly to protect the ulcer
carafate
67
medications to avoid with gastritis
NSAIDs and ASA
68
most common site for peptic ulcers
duodenum
69
_______ peptic ulcers have normal to high acid secretion and ______ peptic ulcers have normal to low acid secretion
duodenum, gastric
70
blood type more likely to get duodenum ulcers
type O
71
blood type more likely to get gastric ulcers
type A
72
with _______ peptic ulcers, pain gets better after eating food then worse 2-3 hours later
duodenal
73
with ______ peptic ulcers pain is nor relieved or worsened by eating food
gastric
74
duodenal ulcers are located on the ________ duodenum
proximal
75
gastric ulcers are located on the ____ ____
lesser curvature
76
5 herbs and vitamins that can be taken for PUD
licorice
zinc
vitamin C
vitamin A
glutamine
77
fluids to give with GI bleed because it causes hypovolemia
isotonic
78
aggressive acid suppression drugs given with GI bleed
Octreotide (Sandostatin)
79
hernia that can be pushed back through the abdomen wall
reducible
80
hernia that cannot be pushed back through the abdomen wall and needs to be repaired with surgery
irreducible
81
hernia that becomes ischemic due to decreased blood supply
strangulated
82
_______ inguinal hernia is near the opening of the inguinal canal and a _______ inguinal hernia is at the opening of the inguinal canal
direct, indirect
83
a _____ belt holds a reduced hernia back in place after it is pushed in
truss
84
if bowel sounds are absent, it means the hernia is ________
strangulated
85
with IBS you should increase fiber intake to ___ - ____ grams daily
30-40
86
2 medications for constipation dominant IBS
psyllium (metamucil)
linzess
87
2 medications for diarrhea dominant IBS
imodium
psyllium
88
SSRA taken for IBS
alosetron (lotronex)
89
alosetron (lotronex) can be a risky drug for IBS because it can cause ______ _____
ischemic colitis
90
TCA that decreases tone of esophagogastric sphincter that treates IBS
Elavil
91
race and gender celiac disease is more common in
white women
92
disease that celiacs disease is more common in
type 1 DM
93
celiac disease is more common in _________ abnormalities such as down's syndrome and Truner's syndrome
chromosome
94
2 things to avoid with celiacs disease
lipstick
toothpaste
95
dumping syndrome is especially fast in emptying food into the small intestine that is high in _____
sugar
96
dumping syndrome is common after ______ surgery
gastric
97
5 early symptoms of dumping syndrome
vertigo
tachycardia
syncope
diaphoresis
desire to lie down
98
late symptoms occur ___ to ____ after ingestion
90 minutes - 3 hours
99
dumping syndrome causes a rapid release of ______ after rapid entry of carbs into the jejunum
insulin
100
3 late symptoms of dumping syndrome
dizziness
palpitations
confusion
101
dumping syndrome patients should have a diet high in _____ and ____ and a diet low in ______
protein and fat, carbs
102
dumping syndrome patients should eat ____ meals
small
103
with dumping syndrome you should not ingest fluid within ____ minutes of meals
30
104
sac like herniation of the lining of the GI tract that extends through a defined muscle layer
diverticulum
105
diverticulum can occur anywhere in the GI tract, but most commonly in the ______
bowel
106
multiple diverticula without inflammation or infection
diverticulosis
107
infection or inflammation of the diverticula
diverticulitis
108
untreated diverticulitis can cause _______
periontitis
109
diverticulum only have symptoms if they are _______
inflammed
110
3 things to avoid with diverticula disease
nuts
seeds
alcohol
111
you should avoid ____ when diverticulitis occurs, but encourage it when it is just diverticulum
fiber
112
BRAT diet
bananas
rice
apple sauce
toast
113
with gastroenteritis so not give medications that suppress _______ _____
gastric motility
114
with gastroenteritis the patients should be doing _____ _____ therapy if they can tolerate it
oral rehydration
115
fast development of appendicitis may lead to _____, _____, or _____ within 24-36 hours
perionitis, gangrene, sepsis
116
the appendix serves a reservoir of the byproducts of digestion that empties into the _____
cecum
117
when appendicitis pain randomly stops, it is a sign of ________
rupture
118
with appendicitis keep the pt. in ________ position to control leakage into lower abdomen
semi-fowlers
119
3 things that you should not do to someone with appendicitis because they increase the risk for perforation
enemas
laxatives
heat
120
patient with appendicitis will have rebound pain or tenderness at ______ point
McBurney's point
121
infection of peritoneum caused by the perforation of an organ and spillage of its contents
peritonitis
122
4 cardinal signs of peritonitis
abdominal pain
distention
tenderness
board like abdomen
123
electrolytes altered by peritonitis
potassium
sodium
chloride
124
peritonitis puts you at risk for ______
sepsis
125
2 medications given after surgery for peritonitis
opioids
stool softeners
126
ulcerative colitis is in the ______ _____ and ______
descending colon and rectum
127
UC peaks age ___ to ___ and then again ages ___ to ___
15 to 30, 50 to 70
128
Crohns disease occurs in the ____ ____ and _____
ascending ileum and colon
129
UC patients often have _____, which is ineffective and sometimes painful straining and urge to eliminate feces
tenesmus
130
UC patients have an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures because of ______ use
steroid
131
UC patients are more at risk for _____ cancer
colon
132
4 things to avoid with UC
enteric coated pills
NSAIDs
laxatives
enemas
133
Crohns disease effects the small intestine where ____ is absorbed
B12
134
in Crohns disease the bowel has a _________ appearance
cobblestone
135
Crohns disease is made worse by _______ infections
bacterial
136
2 labs decreased in Crohns disease
Folic acid
albumin
137
Crohns patients should limit dietary _____ and eat foods low in _____
fiber, fats
