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Med Surg > Hepatic/Biliary > Flashcards

Hepatic/Biliary Flashcards

(117 cards)

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1
Q

lab test used to monitor hepatitis, cirrhosis, or treatments that can be harmful to the liver

A

ALT

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2
Q

lab value that shows damage to any tissue with high metabolic activity such as the heart, liver, or kidneys

A

AST

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3
Q

lab values that indicate biliary cholestasis (gallstones) or alcohol abuse

A

GGT and GGTP

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4
Q

4 things albumin is low in

A

cirrhosis
ascites
chronic hepatitis
poor nutrition

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5
Q

lab test that is similar to albumin but shows up faster for acute malnutrition

A

pre-albumin

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6
Q

lab value that is elevated in liver disease and does not respond to vitamin K in the presence of severe liver damage

A

prothrombin time

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7
Q

ammonia levels _____ in liver disease and cause changes in mental status

A

increase

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8
Q

3 lab values that will be increased in a biliary obstruction

A

HDL
LDL
cholesterol

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9
Q

most common complication of liver biopsy

A

peritonitis

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10
Q

jaundice occurs when bilirubin levels are greater than ___ mg/dL

A

2

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11
Q

_______ jaundice is caused by the inability of damaged liver cells to clear normal amounts of bilirubin from the blood

A

hepatocellular

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12
Q

_______ jaundice is caused obstruction of the bile duct, an inflammatory process, or an enlarged organ

A

obstructive

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13
Q

_______ jaundice is caused by increased destruction of RBC more than the deliver can handle

A

hemolytic

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14
Q

ascites is affected by the movement of _______ from the serum into the peritoneal cavity

A

albumin

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15
Q

removal of fluid from the abdomen from a small hole puncture

A

paracentesis

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16
Q

surgery to treat ascites that inserts a stent to act as a shunt between the portal circulation and the hepatic vein

A

TIPS

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17
Q

vitamin ____ deficiency leads to eye and skin changes, night blindness

A

A

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18
Q

______ deficiency leads to Wernickes-Korasakoff psychosis, beriberi, and polyneuritis

A

thiamine

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19
Q

______ deficiency leads to lesions in the skin and mucous membranes

A

riboflavin

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20
Q

_______ deficiency leads to lesion in the skin and mucous membranes and neurologic changes

A

pyridoxine

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21
Q

vitamin ____ deficiency leads to scurvy (hemorrhagic disease)

A

C

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22
Q

vitamin ___ deficiency can leads to bleeding and low platelets

A

K

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23
Q

_____ ____ deficiency can lead to macrocytic anemia

A

folic acid

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24
Q

_____ liver tumors typically occur in women taking oral contraceptives

A

benign

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25
4 things that cause primary liver tumors
chronic liver disease hep C hep B cirrhosis
26
_____ ____ is elevated in primary liver cancer
alpha fetoprotein
27
______ _____ is elevated in cancers of the GI tract
carcinoembryonic agent (CEA)
28
the ____ score is used to determine allocation of the liver
MELD
29
the ______ functions as a storage depot for bile
gallbladder
30
pancreatic enzyme that digests carbs
amylase
31
pancreatic enzyme that digests protein
trypsin
32
pancreatic enzyme that digests fat
lipase
33
patient must be ____ before ultrasonography
NPO
34
____ scan is when IV dye is given to track flow through biliary tract
HIDA
35
older people are more likely to develope _______
gallstones
36
older people have atypical ______ disease presentation
gallbladder
37
obstructive jaundice causes dark _____ to _____ urine and _____ colored stools
orange to brown, clay
38
obstructed blood floe through the liver results in ______ _____
portal hypertension
39
2 things portal hypertension can lead to
ascites esophageal varices
40
1st choice diuretic for ascites
aldosterone
41
2nd choice diuretic for ascites
lasix
42
diuretic NOT to give with ascites because it can cause hepatic encephalopathy
Diamox
43
procedure for ascites where they insert a needle and draw out the fluid
paracentesis
44
treatment for ascites that pulls blood from abdomen back into vascular system
peritoneovenous shunt
45
2 things to avoid with ascites
NSAIDs and alcohol
46
esophageal varices develop when blood flow to the _____ is blocked
liver
47
esophageal varices are the most significant source of bleeding in ______
cirrhosis
48
emergency vasoconstrictor given to treat esophageal varices
vasopressin
49
3 medications for esophageal varices
octreotide (sandostatin) beta-blockers nitrates
50
give vitamin ___ to treat esophageal varices
K
51
3 things to avoid with esophageal varices
alcohol NSAIDs salicylates
52
hepatic encephalopathy is caused by increased _____
ammonia
53
3 symptoms othered than AMS for hepatic encephalopathy
asterixis constructional apraxia fector hepaticus
54
inability to sustain posture and involuntary movements
asterixis
55
inability to draw out what someone tells you or shows you
constructional apraxia
56
sweet smelling poop seen in complete liver failure
fector hepaticus
57
medication that causes excretion of ammonia in poop
Lactulose (cephulac)
58
3 medications used for hepatic hydrocepaholpathy
lactulose (cephulac) IV glucose antibiotics
59
Hep A transmission route
fecal-oral route or sex
60
vaccine is available for both Hep ___ and ___
A and B
61
Hep A recovery
mild to full
62
Hep B transmission route
blood and fluids
63
Hep B can be acute or chronic, but is mostly _____
chronic
64
Hep B symptoms usually don't appear until __ to ___ months after infection
1 to 4
65
3 things Hep B increases risk for
chronic hepatitis cirrhosis cancer
66
Hep C transmission route
blood and sex
67
there is a potential cure for Hep __
C
68
Hep __ occurs in some cases of Hep B
D
69
patients with Hep D are more likely to develop ______ _____ ______
fulminant liver failure
70
to be diagnosed with Hep D patients have to have interferon A for ____ ____
one year
71
Hep E transmission route
fecal-oral
72
Nonviral hepatitis is _____ induced
drug
73
number 1 cause of nonviral hepatitis
tylenol
74
with nonviral hepatitis avoid ___ ____ ____ because it causes you to bleed more
st. johns wart
75
3 types of toxic hepatitis
alcohol medicinal chemical
76
toxic hepatitis can lead to _____ ______ ___
fulminant liver failure
77
sudden and severely impaired liver function
fulminate liver failure
78
medication that can cause liver failure
tylenol
79
chemical that can cause liver failure
carbon tetrachloride
80
metabolic disturbance that can cause liver failure
Wisons disease
81
structural change that can cause liver failure
Budd-Chiari syndrome
82
antidote for tylenol
N-acetylcysteine
83
antidote for mushrooms
PCN
84
treatment where stuff is filtered out fo the blood in liver failure
plasmapahresis
85
alcoholic cirrhosis is scarring around the ____ ____
portal area
86
biliary cirrhosis is scarring around the ____ _____
bile ducts
87
patients with cirrhosis should have _____ calorie diets with low ____
high, sodium
88
_______ cholecystitis occurs because there is a stone obstructing bile flow
calculous
89
_______ cholecystitis occurs because of inflammation after trauma or surgery
acalculous
90
3 antibiotics given with cholecystitis
penicillins cephalosporins metronidazole
91
patients with cholecystitis should have a diet high in _____ and low in _____
protein, fat
92
the gallbladder is the storage place for _____
bile
93
the gallbladder metabolizes _____
fat
94
pill taken that can replaces exocrine pancreas functions
pancrease
95
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
96
gallbladder stones
cholelithiasis
97
slowing or stalling of bile through gallbladder
cholestasis
98
type of gallbladder stones that are more common
cholesterol gallstones
99
5 F's risk factors for cholelithiasis
fair fat female fertile familial
100
vitamins that will be low in cholelithiasis
A, D, K, E
101
if you think your patient has gallbladder problems do not give _____ because it causes constriction and more pain
morphine
102
medications that dissolve gallstones
ursodeoxycholic acid chenodiol
103
procedure that breaks up stones
lithotripsy
104
most common cause of acute pancreatitis is _____ of the pancreas
autodigestion
105
acute pancreatitis pain is unrelieved by _____
antacids
106
acute pancreatitis can cause decreased _______
perstalsis
107
acute pancreatitis will cause ecchymosis around the _____ and _____
flank and umbilicus
108
someone who has acute pancreatitis will show signs of _____
shock
109
in acute pancreatitis, _____ and ____ will be 3x the normal limit
amylase, lipase
110
amylase and lipase will be elevated within the first ____ hours of symptoms and then decrease after ___ to ___ hours
24, 48-72
111
electrolyte that will be low in acute pancreatitis
calcium
112
with paracentesis, in acute pancreatitis it may show presence of _____ _____
pancreatic enzymes
113
someone with acute pancreatitis should have ______ feeding as soon as possible
enteral
114
acute pancreatitis will cause hyperglycemia, so you must give _____
insulin
115
2 things acute pancreatitis patients cannot have
alcohol and caffeine
116
2 most common causes of chronic pancreatitis
smoking and alcohol use
117
gastric bypass that bypasses the pancreas and is used in patients with chronic pancreatitis
Roux-en-Y

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