Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > GI disorders > Flashcards

GI disorders Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

pathologic features of Chrohn’s disease

A

no rectal involvement, ilieal involved, strictures, fistulas, transmural involved, cobble stone appearance, granulomas, linear cleft, fever, bleeding, tenderness, mass, pain, fistulas, discontinuous, linear ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathologic features of UC

A

Involves rectum, no ileal involved, no strictures, no fistulas, no transmural involved, no granulomas, no linear cleft, no fever, rectal bleeding, sometimes tenderness, no mass, no pain, no fistulas, continuous, no linear ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Factors to consider when treating IBD

A

severity, location, drug factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Severity to of acute disease

A

mild- 4 BM/day +/- blood; severe- >6 bloody BM/ day; >10 BM/day w/ continuous bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pharm options for IBD

A

5-aminosalicylates acid derivatives, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, antimicrobials, biologics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

5- aminosalicylate acid derivative MOA

A

anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, inhibition of leukocyte motility, interference w/ TNFa, transformation of growth factor B and nuclear factor, inhibition of leukotriene and prostaglandin production, suppression of IL-1 production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

A

large sulfa comp, treatment of mild to mod UC, adjunctive treatment in severe UC, prolonged remissions between UC acute attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mesalamine (Canasa, rowasa, lialda, etc)

A

treatment of ulcerative proctitis, tx mild-mod distal UC, proctosigmoiditis or proctitis, induce and maintain remission in active, mil-mod UC, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Basalazide (Colazal)

A

treatment of mild to mod UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Osalazine (Dipentum)

A

to maintain remission in UC who are intolerant of sulfasalazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ADRs of 5-ASA

A

HA, nausea, rash, interstitial nephritis, pericarditis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, parodoxial exacerbation of colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ADRs of sulfasalazine

A

dose related rxns, hypersensitivity rxns, male infertility, discoloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Balsalazide, olsalazine, mesalamine ADRs

A

hair loss, pneumotitis, diarrhea (olsalazine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sulfasalazine dose related ADRs

A

Dose >4 g/d, depends on metabolism status, ADRs- nausea dyspepsia, HA, fatigue, dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sulfasalazine hypersensitivity rxns

A

rash, fever, arthralgia, hepatic dysfunction, hematological toxicities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Corticosteroid agents

A

prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, budesonide, hydrocortisone, parenteral, oral, or rectal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Indication of corticosteroids

A

treatment of active UC or chrohn’s, induce remission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MOA of corticosteroids

A

antiinflammatory, inhibit cytokine and prostaglandins, immunosuppression, decreased margination of monocytes and neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Withdrawal sx of short-term steroid use

A

mood and sleep disturbances, inc appetitie, acne, adrenal insufficiency, fluid retention, impaired glucose metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Withdrawal sx of long-term steroid use

A

abnormal fat deposits, hirsutism, htn, glaucoma/cataracts, osteopenia, osteoporosis, DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Immunosuppressive agents

A

Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, cyclosporine & tacrolimus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine indication

A

not-FDA approved for tx of IBD, steroid sparing, combo w/ biologics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine MOA

A

immunosuppression, thought to suppress cell mediated hypersensitivities and cause alteration in ab productions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine onset

A

slow, 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine black box warning
chronic immunosuppression cana inc risk of neoplasia, hematological toxicities, mutagenic potential
26
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine adrs
GI upset, LFT, rash, hematologic toxicities, Preg cat D
27
Methotrexate indication
not FDA approved for tx of IBD, steroid sparing
28
Methotrexate MOA
immunosuppression
29
Methotrexate onset
slow, 2-8 weeks
30
Cyclosporine & tacrolimus (Prograf) indication
not FDA approved for tx of IBD, reserved for severe, tx refractory colitis, lot of drug monitoring
31
Cyclosporine & tacrolimus (Prograf) moa
immunosuppression
32
Cyclosporine & tacrolimus (Prograf)onset
slow, 5-14 days
33
Cyclosprorine Boxed warning
inc susceptibility to infection, possible development of llymphoma and other malignancies, inc hypertension, nephrotoxicity
34
ADR of cyclosporine
hirsutism, HTN, hyperkalemia, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, tremor, gingival hyperplasia, hypomagnesemia, encephalopathy, HA, preg cat C
35
Tacrolimus (Prograf) BBW
inc susceptibility to infection possible development of lymphoma and other malignancies
36
Tacrolimus (Prograf) ADR
peripheral edema, erythema, pruritus, rash, constipation, N/V/D, anemia, paresthesia, HA, insomnia, tremor, alopecia, cat C
37
Antibiotic indication
for abcesses or fistulas, intestinal or perianal disease, suspected infection
38
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
MOA- anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, ADR- metallic taste, disulfiram reaction wen taken w/ EtOH
39
Ciprofloxacin
MOA- anti-inflamm, immunosuppressive; ADR- vaginitis, abd pain, distal neuropathy, tendinopathy
40
Biologics MOA
inhibits TNFa leading to dec GI inflammation and adhesion
41
Biologic agents
adalimumab (Humira), Infiximab (Remicade), Golimumab (Simponi), Natalizumab (Tysabri), Certolizumab (Cimzia)
42
Antimotility options for diarrhea
diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil), Loperamide (Imodium), paregoric, opium incture, difenoxin (Motofen)
43
Absorbent options for diarrhea
kaolin-pentin mixture, polycarbophil, attapulgite
44
Antisecretory options for diarrhea
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto), lacase, probiotics, octreotide (Sandostatin)
45
Lomotil MOA
similar to opiate, atropine added in subtherapeutic amounts and serves to discourage abuse, CIV controlled
46
Lomotil dose and onset
5 mg PO QID, 45-60 mins, if no response in 48 hrs, d/c
47
Loperamide (Imodium) MOA
inhibits peristalsis by binding opioid receptors in intestinal muscle, also inc viscosity and diminishes fluid/electrolyte loss, inc anal sphincter tone
48
Loperamide (Imodium) dose
4 mg PO at onset then 2mg PO after each loose stool, max 8 tabs/day
49
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto) MOA
largely effective due to its antisecretory action, may have antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity too
50
IBS
Chronic abd pain and altered bowel habits, exact pathophysiology unknown, treatment based on predominant sx, diarrhea or constipation
51
Treatment of constipation prominent IBS
inc dietary fiber and fluid, add bulk-laxative and consider antispasmodic agent, add serotonin-4 agonist (tegaserod), add psychotherapy for stress reduction, antidepressants
52
Treatment of diarrhea prominent IBS
lactose-free, caffeine free diet, avoid certain foods, add loperamide or other antispasmodic, add serontonin-3 antagonist (alosetron), add psychotherapy for stress reduction, antidepressants
53
Treatments for GERD
antacid, histamine H2 receptor antagonist, proton pump inhibitors, cytoprotective agents, promotility agents
54
Histamine 2 antagonist
famotidine (Pepcid), Ranitidine (Zantec), nizatidine (Axid), cimetidine (Tagamet)
55
PPI options
Omeprazole (Prilosec), Esomeprazole (Nexium), Pantoprazole (Protonix), Lansoprazole (Prevacid), Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant), Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
56
Antacids
Neutralize gastric acid, increases pH, provides relief within mins, use for mild or infrequent sx, Ca, Al, Mg, NaHCO3, mag-alsimethicone, Mg and Al can accumulate in severe renal dysfuntion, 1-4 tabs PRN, 8000 mg/ day max
57
H2 blockers
reversibly inhibits receptor on gastric parietal cells, reduction of gastric acid secretion, relief in 30-45 mins, lasts 4-10 hrs
58
What is DOC in H2 blockers for peds and neonates
Ranitidine (Zantac)
59
H2 blockers ADRs, warnings
BBW for elderly (not followed), overall very well tolerated, some agitation, vomiting in children
60
Dosing of H2 blockers
Famotidine (Pepsi) 20 mg PO BID, Ranitidine (Zantec) 150 mg PO BID
61
PPI
blocks gastric acid secretion by irreversibly binding to gastric H/K/ATP pump in parietal cells, full effect not seen for several hrs-few days, some OTC
62
Which PPI is used in peds
omeprazole
63
PPI warning and ADRs
increased risk of C diff, diarrhea, osteoporosis, pneumonia; overall well tolerated
64
PPI dosage
Pantoprazole (Protonix)- 40 mg PO, Omeprazole (Prilosec) 20-40 mg PO, Esomeprazole (Nexium)- 40 Mg PO, Lansoprazole (Prevacid) 30 mg PO
65
Cytoprotective agents
misoprostol (Cytotec), Sucralfate (Carafate)
66
Misoprostol (Cytotec)
prostaglandin E1 analog, replaces the gastroprotective prostoglandins removed by NSAIDs, do not give w/ other drugs, Preg X, ADR- diarrhea, abd pain
67
Sucralfate (Carafate)
sucrose-sulfate-alum complex- interacts w/ albumin and fibrinogen to form physical barrier over an open ulcer, very safe, rarely causes constipation, 1 Gm PO w/ meals, use w/ caution in renal impairment
68
Promotility agents
Metoclopramide (Reglan), Erythromycin
69
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
DA antagonist, enhances response to Ach in upper GI causing enhanced motility and accelerated gastric emptying, inc lower esophageal sphincter tone, 5-10 mg PO/IVw/ meals and hs, for diabetic gastroparesisi, used for neonatal reflux, also for chemo N/V
70
Metoclopramide (Reglan) contraindications/ ADRs
may cause tardive dyskinesia, not for GI obstruction, perforation, hemorrhage, hx of seizures, can cause EPS, drowsiness, confusion
71
Erythromycin
a macrolide abx used more regularly for promotility effects than abx, option for preprocedural bowel cleansing

Pharmacology (61 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions