GI DRUGS - CLASSES/MECHANISMS Flashcards by Dillon Pryor

Q

Cimetidine

A

H₂ blocker: Reversible block of histamine H₂-receptors → decreased H⁺ secretion by parietal cells

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Q

Ranitidine

A

H₂ blocker: Reversible block of histamine H₂-receptors → decreased H⁺ secretion by parietal cells

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Q

Famotidine

A

H₂ blocker: Reversible block of histamine H₂-receptors → decreased H⁺ secretion by parietal cells

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Q

Nizatidine

A

H₂ blocker: Reversible block of histamine H₂-receptors → decreased H⁺ secretion by parietal cells

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Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI: Irreversibly inhibits H⁺/K⁺ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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Q

Lansoprazole

A

PPI: Irreversibly inhibits H⁺/K⁺ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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Q

Esomeprazole

A

PPI: Irreversibly inhibits H⁺/K⁺ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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Q

Pantoprazole

A

PPI: Irreversibly inhibits H⁺/K⁺ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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Q

Dexlansoprazole

A

PPI: Irreversibly inhibits H⁺/K⁺ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Antacid

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Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Antacid

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Q

Magnesium hydroxide

A

Antacid

Osmotic laxative: Provides osmotic load to draw water into GI lumen

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Q

Bismuth

A

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO₃^- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer

Require acidic environment

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Q

Sucralfate

A

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO₃^- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer

Require acidic environment

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Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE₁ analog: Increase production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier, decrease acid production

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Q

Octreotide

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A

Long-acting somatostatin analog: Inhibits secretion of various splanchnic vasodilatory hormones

Q

Sulfasalazine

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A

Combination:

Sulfapyridine (antibacterial)
5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory)

Activated by colonic bacteria

Q

Loperamide

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A

Mu-opioid receptor agonist → slows gut motility

Q

Diphenoxylate

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A

Mu-opioid receptor agonist → slows gut motility

Q

Meperidine

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A

Mu-opioid receptor agonist → slows gut motility

Q

Ondansetron

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A

Powerful central-acting antiemetic:

5-HT₃ antagonist

Decreases vagal stimulation

Q

Granisetron

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A

Powerful central-acting antiemetic:

5-HT₃ antagonist

Decreases vagal stimulation

Q

Metoclopramide

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A

D₂ receptor antagonist:

Increases resting tone
Increases contractility
Increases LES tone
Increases motility
Promotes gastric emptying

Q

Prochlorperazine

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A

D₂ receptor antagonist:

Increases resting tone
Increases contractility
Increases LES tone
Increases motility
Promotes gastric emptying

Orlistat

Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase → decreases breakdown and absorption of dietary fats

Psyllium

**Bulk-forming laxative:** Soluble fibers that draw water into gut lumen, forming viscous liquid that promotes peristalsis

Methylcellulose

**Bulk-forming laxative:** Soluble fibers that draw water into gut lumen, forming viscous liquid that promotes peristalsis

Magnesium citrate

**Osmotic laxative:** Provide osmotic load to draw water into GI lumen

Polyethylene glycol

**Osmotic laxative:** Provide osmotic load to draw water into GI lumen

Lactulose

**Osmotic laxative:** Provide osmotic load to draw water into GI lumen

Lactulose

**Stimulant laxative:** Enteric nerve stimulation → colonic contraction

Docusate

**Emollient:** Osmotic draw into lumen → increase water absorption by stool

Aprepitant

**Substance P antagonist** → blocks **NK₁ receptors** in brain (antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced N/V)

Dosaprepitant

**Substance P antagonist** → blocks **neurokinin- 1 (NK₁) receptors** in brain (antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced N/V)