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PHARMACOLOGY > HIV Drugs > Flashcards

HIV Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Class: Tenofovir (TDF)

A

NRTI

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2
Q

Class: Ritonavir

A

Protease inhibitor

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3
Q

Class: Raltegravir

A

Integrase inhibitor

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4
Q

Specific adverse effect for Zidovudine (NRTI)

A

Anemia

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5
Q

HAART regimen generally consists of 3 drugs to prevent resistance: ___ and preferably a(n) ___.

A

2 NRTIs

Integrase inhibitor

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6
Q

Specific side effects for Efavirenz (NNRTI)

A

Vivid dreams and CNS symptoms

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7
Q

Mechanism: Protease inhibitors

A

Assembly of virions depends on HIV-1 protease (pol gene), which cleaves the polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into their functional parts. Thus, protease inhibitors prevent maturation of new viruses

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8
Q

Toxicity: Protease inhibitors

A

Hyperglycemia

GI intolerance (nausea, diarrhea)

Lipodystrophy (Cushing-like syndrome)

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9
Q

Class: Nevirapine

A

NNRTI

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10
Q

Class: Didanosine (ddl)

A

NRTI

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11
Q

Class: Lamivudine (3TC)

A

NRTI

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12
Q

Toxicity: Enfuvirtide

A

Skin reaction at injection sites

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13
Q

Mechanism: Enfuvirtide

A

Binds gp41 → inhibiting viral entry

(inhibits fusion)

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14
Q

Toxicity: NNRTIs

A

Common to all NNRTIs:

  1. Rash
  2. Hepatotoxicity

Specific adverse effects:

  1. Vivid dreams and CNS symptoms (Efavirenz)
  2. Contraindicated in pregnancy: Delavirdine and Efavirenz
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15
Q

Class: Saquinavir

A

Protease inhibitor

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16
Q

Class: Darunavir

A

Protease inhibitor

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17
Q

Class: Lopinavir

A

Protease inhibitor

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18
Q

Class: Abacavir (ABC)

A

NRTI

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19
Q

Toxicity: Integrase inhibitors

A

Increased creatine kinase

20
Q

Mechanism: NNRTIs

A

Bind to reverse transcriptase at site different from NRTIs (inhibits RT directly)

Do NOT require phosphorylation to be active

Do NOT compete with nucleotides (non-competitive)

21
Q

___ and ___ are NNRTIs that are contradicated in pregnancy

A

Delavirdine

Efavirenz

22
Q

Class: Elvitegravir

A

Integrase inhibitor

23
Q

Class: Fosamprenavir

A

Protease inhibitor

24
Q

Strongest indications for HAART [3]

A

AIDS-defining illness

Low CD4+ cell counts (<500 cells/mm3)

High viral load

25
Q

Tenofovir is a ___; other NRTIs are ___

A

Tenofovir - nucleoTIDE

Others - nucleoSIDES

26
Q

Class: Dolutegravir

A

Integrase inhibitor

27
Q

Mechanism: Maraviroc

A

Binds CCR-5 on surface of T-cells/monocytes → inhibiting interaction with gp120

(inhibits docking)

28
Q

Class: Delavirdine

A

NNRTI

29
Q

___ is a potent CYP/UGT inducer, which reduces protease inhibitor concentrations.

Use ___ instead.

A

Rifampin

Rifabutin

30
Q

Mechanism: NRTIs

A

Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase

Incorporated into viral genome → terminating DNA synthesis (lacks 3’ OH group)

31
Q

All NRTIs need to be ___ to become activated

A

Phosphorylated

32
Q

Toxicity: NRTIs

A
  1. Bone marrow suppression
    • Reversed with G-CSF and EPO
  2. ​Lactic acidosis (nucleosides)
  3. Anemia (Zidovudine)
  4. Pancreatitis (Didanosine)
33
Q

Class: Maraviroc

A

Fusion inhibitor

Binds CCR-5 on surface of T-cells/monocytes → inhibiting interaction with gp120

34
Q

Class: Stavudine (d4T)

A

NRTI

35
Q

Class: Atazanavir

A

Protease inhibitor

36
Q

___ can “boost” other drug concentrations by inhibiting cytochrome P-450

A

Ritonavir

37
Q

Class: Indinavir

A

Protease inhibitor

38
Q

Class: Efavirenz

A

NNRTI

39
Q

Specific adverse effects for Indinavir (protease inhibitor)

A
  1. Nephropathy → Hematuria
  2. Thrombocytopenia
40
Q

Class: Enfuvirtide

A

Fusion inhibitor

Binds gp41 → inhibiting viral entry

41
Q

Class: Emtricitabine (FTC)

A

NRTI

42
Q

Class: Zidovudine (ZDV; formerly AZT)

A

NRTI

43
Q

___ is contraindicated if patient has HLA-B*5701 mutation due to increased risk of hypersensitivity

A

Abacavir

44
Q

___ can be used for general HIV prophylaxis and during pregnancy to decrease risk of fetal transmission

A

Zidovudine (ZDV)

45
Q

Specific adverse effect for Didanosine (NRTI)

A

Pancreatitis

46
Q

Mechanism: Integrase inhibitors

A

Inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chromosome by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrase

PHARMACOLOGY (33 decks)

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