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PHARMACOLOGY > Nervous System Drugs - Classes > Flashcards

Nervous System Drugs - Classes Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant

Structurally related to TCAs, similar anticholinergic side effects

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2
Q

Propofol

A

IV anesthetic

Potentiates GABAa

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3
Q

Benztropine

A

Antimuscarinic: Improves tremor and rigidity but has little effect on bradykinesia in Parkinson disease

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4
Q

Rocuronium

A

Non-depolarizing NM blocking drug:

Competitive antagonists (compete with ACh for receptors)

Reversal: Neostigmine, edrophonium, other AChE inhibitors (must be given with atropine to prevent muscarinic effects such as bradycardia)

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5
Q

Secobarbital

A

Bariturate: Faciliate GABAa action by increasing duration of Cl channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing

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6
Q

Tacrine

A

AChE inhibitor

Alzheimer disease drug

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7
Q

Dantrolene

A

Prevents release of Ca2+ from SR of skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor

Uses:

Malignant hyperthermia

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

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8
Q

Amantadine

A

Increases DA release and decreases DA reuptake

Parkinson drug

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9
Q

Loperamide

A

Act as agonists at opioid receptors to modulate synaptic transmission - open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels → decrease synaptic transmission

Inhibit release of:

  1. ACh
  2. NE
  3. 5-HT
  4. Glutamate
  5. Substance P
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10
Q

Butorphanol

A

k-opioid receptor agonist

mu-opioid receptor partial agonist

Produces analgesia

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11
Q

Isoflurane

A

Inhaled anesthetic

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12
Q

Cocaine

A

Local anesthetic

Ester (one eyed ester)

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13
Q

Thiopental

A

Bariturate: Faciliate GABAa action by increasing duration of Cl channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing

IV anesthetic (induction of anesthesia)

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14
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Non-BDZ hypnotic:

Act via BZ1 subtype of the GABA receptor

Effects reversed by flumazenil

Sleep cycle less affected as compared with BDZs

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15
Q

Sumatriptan

A

5-HT1B/1D agonist:

Inhibits trigeminal nerve activation

Prevent vasoactive peptide release

Induce vasoconstriction

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16
Q

Zaleplon

A

Non-BDZ hypnotic:

Act via BZ1 subtype of the GABA receptor

Effects reversed by flumazenil

Sleep cycle less affected as compared with BDZs

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17
Q

Tetracaine

A

Local anesthetic

Ester (one eyed ester)

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18
Q

Riluzole

A

Decreases glutamate excitotoxicity via an unclear mechanism

Treatment for ALS (modestly improves survival)

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19
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

Benzodiazepine: Facilitate GABAa action by increasing frequency of Cl channel opening

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20
Q

Desflurane

A

Inhaled anesthetic

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21
Q

Tubocurarine

A

Non-depolarizing NM blocking drug:

Competitive antagonists (compete with ACh for receptors)

Reversal: Neostigmine, edrophonium, other AChE inhibitors (must be given with atropine to prevent muscarinic effects such as bradycardia)

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22
Q

Rivastigmine

A

AChE inhibitor

Alzheimer disease drug

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23
Q

Morphine

A

Act as agonists at opioid receptors to modulate synaptic transmission - open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels → decrease synaptic transmission

Inhibit release of:

  1. ACh
  2. NE
  3. 5-HT
  4. Glutamate
  5. Substance P
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24
Q

Fentanyl

A

Opioid: Used with other CNS depressants during general anesthesia

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25
Q

Zolpidem

A

Non-BDZ hypnotic:

Act via BZ1 subtype of the GABA receptor

Effects reversed by flumazenil

Sleep cycle less affected as compared with BDZs

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26
Q

Codeine

A

Act as agonists at opioid receptors to modulate synaptic transmission - open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels → decrease synaptic transmission

Inhibit release of:

  1. ACh
  2. NE
  3. 5-HT
  4. Glutamate
  5. Substance P
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27
Q

Galantamine

A

AChE inhibitor

Alzheimer disease drug

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28
Q

Methadone

A

Act as agonists at opioid receptors to modulate synaptic transmission - open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels → decrease synaptic transmission

Inhibit release of:

  1. ACh
  2. NE
  3. 5-HT
  4. Glutamate
  5. Substance P
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29
Q

Donepezil

A

AChE inhibitor

Alzheimer disease drug

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30
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

A

Antimuscarinic: Improves tremor and rigidity but has little effect on bradykinesia in Parkinson disease

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31
Q

Arylcyclohexylamines: Ketamine

A

IV anesthetic: PCP analog that acts as a dissociative anesthetic

Block NMDA receptors

CV stimulant

32
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepine: Facilitate GABAa action by increasing frequency of Cl channel opening

33
Q

Name the benzodiazepines that are
metabolized outside the liver
(no active metabolites; better in elderly patients)

A

Oxazepam

Temazepam

Lorazepam

Clonazepam

34
Q

Oxycodone

A

Act as agonists at opioid receptors to modulate synaptic transmission - open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels → decrease synaptic transmission

Inhibit release of:

  1. ACh
  2. NE
  3. 5-HT
  4. Glutamate
  5. Substance P
35
Q

Entacapone

A

COMA inhibitor: Prevents peripheral L-DOPA degradation to 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) by inhibiting COMT

Parkinson drug

36
Q

Meperidine

A

Act as agonists at opioid receptors to modulate synaptic transmission - open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels → decrease synaptic transmission

Inhibit release of:

  1. ACh
  2. NE
  3. 5-HT
  4. Glutamate
  5. Substance P
37
Q

Benzocaine

A

Local anesthetic

Ester (one eyed ester)

38
Q

Ramelteon

A

Melatonin receptor agonist:

Binds MT1 and MT2 in suprachiasmatic nucleus

39
Q

Carbidopa

A

Peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor: Blocks peripheral conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine by inhibiting DOPA decarboxylase

Parkinson drug

40
Q

Rasagiline

A

Selective MAO-B inhibitor: Blocks CENTRAL (post-BBB) conversion of DA to DOPAC

Parkinson drug

41
Q

Pentobarbital

A

Bariturate: Faciliate GABAa action by increasing duration of Cl channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing

42
Q

Tramadol

A

Very weak opioid agonist

Also inhibits 5-HT and NE reuptake (works on multiple neurotransmitters

43
Q

Midazolam

A

Benzodiazepine: Facilitate GABAa action by increasing frequency of Cl channel opening

IV anesthetic

44
Q

Name the short-acting benzodiazepines

Less daytime side effects

Higher addictive potential

A

Alprazolam

Trizolam

Oxazepam

Midazolam

45
Q

Sevoflurane

A

Inhaled anesthetic

46
Q

Tolcapone

A

COMT inhibitor: Prevents peripheral AND CENTRAL L-DOPA degradation to 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) by inhibiting COMT

Parkinson drug

47
Q

Lidocaine

A

Local anesthetic

Amide (one eyed ester)

48
Q

Pentazocine

A

k-opioid receptor agonist

mu-opioid receptor weak antagonist/partial agonsit

49
Q

Diphenoxylate

A

Act as agonists at opioid receptors to modulate synaptic transmission - open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels → decrease synaptic transmission

Inhibit release of:

  1. ACh
  2. NE
  3. 5-HT
  4. Glutamate
  5. Substance P
50
Q

Suvorexant

A

Orexin (hypocretin) receptor antagonist

51
Q

Pramipexol

A

Dopamine agonist (non-ergot - preferred)

Parkinson drug

52
Q

Vecuronium

A

Non-depolarizing NM blocking drug:

Competitive antagonists (compete with ACh for receptors)

Reversal: Neostigmine, edrophonium, other AChE inhibitors (must be given with atropine to prevent muscarinic effects such as bradycardia)

53
Q

Ropinirole

A

Dopamine agonist (non-ergot - preferred)

Parkinson drug

54
Q

Treatment and MOA for malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene: Ryanodine receptor antagonist → decreases calcium release from SR

55
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Local anesthetic

Amide (one eyed ester)

56
Q

Reserpine

A

Vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) inhibitor: Decrease DA vesicle packaging and release

Huntington disease drug

57
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Bariturate: Faciliate GABAa action by increasing duration of Cl channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing

58
Q

Enflurane

A

Inhaled anesthetic

59
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Act as agonists at opioid receptors to modulate synaptic transmission - open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels → decrease synaptic transmission

Inhibit release of:

  1. ACh
  2. NE
  3. 5-HT
  4. Glutamate
  5. Substance P
60
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Depolarizing NM blocking drug:

Strong ACh receptor agonist → produces sustained depolarization and prevents muscle contraction

61
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Dopamine agonist (ergot)

Parkinson drug

62
Q

Pancuronium

A

Non-depolarizing NM blocking drug:

Competitive antagonists (compete with ACh for receptors)

Reversal: Neostigmine, edrophonium, other AChE inhibitors (must be given with atropine to prevent muscarinic effects such as bradycardia)

63
Q

Atracurium

A

Non-depolarizing NM blocking drug:

Competitive antagonists (compete with ACh for receptors)

Reversal: Neostigmine, edrophonium, other AChE inhibitors (must be given with atropine to prevent muscarinic effects such as bradycardia)

64
Q

Methoxyflurane

A

Inhaled anesthetic

65
Q

Mepivacaine

A

Local anesthetic

Amide (one eyed ester)

66
Q

Tetrabenazine

A

Vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) inhibitor: Decrease DA vesicle packaging and release

Huntington disease drug

67
Q

Fentanyl

A

Act as agonists at opioid receptors to modulate synaptic transmission - open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels → decrease synaptic transmission

Inhibit release of:

  1. ACh
  2. NE
  3. 5-HT
  4. Glutamate
  5. Substance P
68
Q

Mivacurium

A

Non-depolarizing NM blocking drug:

Competitive antagonists (compete with ACh for receptors)

Reversal: Neostigmine, edrophonium, other AChE inhibitors (must be given with atropine to prevent muscarinic effects such as bradycardia)

69
Q

Memantine

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

Helps prevent excitotoxicity (mediated by Ca2+)

Alzheimer disease drug

70
Q

Selegiline

A

Selective MAO-B inhibitor: Blocks conversion of DA to DOPAC

Parkinson drug

71
Q

Procaine

A

Local anesthetic: Blocks Na+ channels by binding to specific receptors on inner portion of channel

Ester (one eyed ester)

72
Q

Haloperidol

A

D2 receptor antagonist

Huntington disease drug

73
Q

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

A

Inhaled anesthetic

Low blood/lipid solubility

Fast induction; Low potency

74
Q

Treat BDZ OD with ___. What is the mechanism?

A

Flumazenil: Competitive antagonist at GABAa receptor

75
Q

Baclofen

A

Activates GABAB receptors at spinal cord level, inducing skeletal muscle relaxation

76
Q

Halothane

A

Inhaled anesthetic

High lipid/blood solubility

Slow induction; high potency

PHARMACOLOGY (33 decks)

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