Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY > GI System Drugs > Flashcards

GI System Drugs Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Mechanism: Misoprostol

A

PGE1 analog:

  • Increases production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier
  • Decreases acid production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All antacids can cause ___

A

Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Class: Polyethylene glycol

A

Osmotic laxative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Class: Magnesium hydroxide

A

Antacid

Osmotic laxative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mechanism:

Loperamide

Diphenoxylate (+ atropine)

A

Agonist at mu-opioid receptors → slows gut motility

Loperamide: Poor CNS penetration (low addictive potential)

Diphenoxylate: Slight diffusion across BBB (atropine added to reduce abuse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical use: Sulfasalazine

A
  1. Ulcerative colitis (UC)
  2. Crohn disease (colitis component)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adverse effects: Ondansetron

A
  1. Headache
  2. Constipation
  3. QT interval prolongation
  4. Serotonin syndrome (when used with other serotonergic drugs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adverse effects: Stimulant laxative

Senna

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Melanosis coli (dark brown/black discoloration of colon due to pigment deposition in lamina propria)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adverse effects: Osmotic laxatives

Magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium citrate

Polyethylene glycol

Lactulose

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Dehydration
  3. May be abused by bulimics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adverse effects: Bulk-forming laxatives

Psyllium

Methylcellulose

A
  1. Bloating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Overuse: Calcium carbonate (antacid)

A
  1. Hypercalcemia (milk-alkali syndrome)
  2. Rebound acid increase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical use: Octreotide

A
  1. Acute variceal bleeds
  2. Acromegaly
  3. VIPoma
  4. Carcinoid tumors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adverse effects: PPIs

A
  1. C. difficile infection
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Decreaes serum Mg2+ with long-term use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adverse effects: Misoprostol

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Contraindicated in women of childbearing potential (abortifacient)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mechanism: Emollient laxative

Docusate

A

Osmotic draw into lumen → increases water absorption by stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adverse effects: Octreotide

A
  1. Steatorrhea
  2. Increase risk of cholelithiasis due to CCK inhibition
  3. Nausea
  4. Cramps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical use: Ondansetron

A
  1. Controlling post-op vomiting
  2. Cancer chemotherapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adverse effects:

Loperamide

Diphenoxylate

A
  1. Constipation
  2. Nausea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Class: Senna

A

Stimulant laxative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Adverse effects: Orlistat

A
  1. Steatorrhea
  2. Decrease absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mechanism: Orlistat

A

Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase → decreases breakdown and absorption of dietary fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mechanism: H2 blockers

Cimetidine

Ranitidine

Famotidine

Nizatidine

A

Reversible block of histamine H2-receptors → decreasing H+ secretion by parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mechanism: Stimulant laxative

Senna

A

Enteric nerve stimulation → colonic contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Clinical use: H2 blockers

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Peptic ulcer
  2. Gastritis
  3. Mild esophageal reflux
25
Mechanism: Ondansetron
**5-HT3 antagonist** Decrease vagal stimulation Powerful central-acting antiemetic
26
Adverse effects: Metoclopramide Prochlorperazine
1. Parkinsonian effects 2. Tardive dyskinesia 3. Restlessness 4. Drowsiness/fatigue 5. Depression 6. Diarrhea
27
Mechanism: Octreotide
**Long-acting somatostatin analog** Inhibits secretion of various splanchnic vasodilatory hormones
28
Overuse: Aluminum hydroxide (antacid)
1. Constiaption 2. Hypophosphatemia 3. Proximal muscle weakness 4. Osteodystrophy 5. Seizures
29
\_\_\_ is a potent **P-450 inhibitor** It also has **antiandrogenic** effects (prolactin, release, gynecomastia, importence, decreased libido in males) Can **cross BBB** and **placenta**
Cimetidine
30
\_\_\_ can chelate and decrease effectiveness of other drugs (e.g., tetracyclines)
Calcium carbonate
31
Laxatives are indicates for ___ or \_\_\_
Constipation Patients on opiates requiring bowel regimen
32
Mechanism: **Osmotic laxatives** Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium citrate Polyethylene glycol Lactulose
Provide osmotic load to draw water into GI lumen
33
\_\_\_ is an **osmotic laxative** that also treats **hepatic encephalopathy** because gut flora degrade it into metabolites **(lactic acid, acetic acid)** that promote nitrogen excretion as NH4+
Lactulose
34
Metoclopramide and Prochlorperazine cause drug interactings with ___ and \_\_\_
Digoxin Diabetic agents
35
Clinical use: Loperamide Diphenoxylate
1. Diarrhea
36
Class: Docusate
Emollient laxative
37
Clinical use: PPIs
1. Peptic ulcer 2. Gastritis 3. Esophageal reflux 4. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 5. Component of H. pylori triple therapy 6. Stress ulcer prophylaxis
38
Clinical use: Aprepitant Fosaprepitant **(-pitant)**
1. Antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced N/V
39
Class: Magnesium citrate
Osmotic laxative
40
Clinical use: Bismuth Sucralfate
1. Increase ulcer healing 2. Travelers' diarrhea
41
Metoclorpramide and Prochlorperazine are contraindicated in patients with ___ or ___ (due to D2-receptor blockade)
Small bowel obstruction Parkinson disease
42
Mechanism: Metoclopramide Prochlorperazine
**D2 receptor antagonists** - increases: * Resting tone * Contractility * LES tone * Motility * Promotes gastric emptying Does _not_ influence colon transport time
43
Clinical use: Metoclopramide Prochlorperazine
1. Diabetic and post-surgical gastroparesis 2. Antiemetic 3. Persistent GERD
44
Mechanism: PPIs ## Footnote **(-prazole)**
Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
45
Class: Lactulose
Osmotic laxative
46
Overuse: Magnesium hydroxide
1. Diarrhea 2. Hyporeflexia 3. Hypotension 4. Cardiac arrest
47
Antacid use can affect absorption, bioavailability, or urinary excretion of other drugs by altering ___ or by \_\_\_
Gastric and urinary pH Delaying gastric emptying
48
Adverse effects: **Emollient laxative** Doxusate
1. Diarrhea
49
Mechansm: Aprepitant Dosaprepitant **(-pitant)**
**Substance P antagonist:** Blocks **neurokinin-1 (NK1)** **receptors** in brain
50
Mechanism: Bismuth Sucralfate
**Bind to ulcer base** providing **physical protection** and allowing **HCO3- secretion** to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer Require **acidic** environment Usually _not_ given with **PPIs** or **H2 blockers**
51
\_\_\_ and ___ are H2 blockers that decrease renal excretion of creatinine Other H2 blockers are relatively free of these effects
Cimetidine Ranitidine
52
Class: Methylcellulose
Bulk-forming laxative
53
Clinical use: Orlistat
Weight loss
54
Clinical use: Misoprostol
1. Prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers (NSAIDs block PGE1 production) 2. **Off-label:** Induction of labor (ripens cervix)
55
Mechanism: Sulfasalazine
**Combination:** * **Sulfapyridine** (antibacterial) * **5-aminosalicylic acid** (anti-inflammatory) Activated by colonic bacteria
56
Adverse effects: Sulfasalazine
1. Malaise 2. Nausea 3. Sulfonamide toxicity 4. Reversible oligospermia
57
Class: Psyllium
Bulk-forming laxative
58
Mechanism: **Bulk-forming laxatives** Psyllium Methylcellulose
Soluble fibers: Draws water into gut lumen, forming a viscous liquid that promotes peristalsis

PHARMACOLOGY (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions