Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PAS 563 Med Phys > GI structure and function > Flashcards

GI structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

Breaks down ingested food

Prepares food for uptake by the body’s cells

Provides body water

Eliminates wastes

Controlled by hormones and the autonomic nervous system (except for chewing, swallowing, and defecation)

A

functions of the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 layers of GI tract from deep to superficial

A

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis

Serosa or adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

enteric plexus layers

A

Subserosal plexus

Submucosal plexus

Myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ENS functions

A

egulates gastrointestinal motility, secretory activity, vascular activity, and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Approx 100 million neurons located within numerous small ganglia.

A

ENS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myenteric plexus location

A

between longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the myenteric plexus regulate

A

motor activity of the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

submucosal plexus location

A

between the circular smooth muscle and submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the submucosal plexus regulate

A

mucosal functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The two types of receptors in the gut that are sensitive to acetylcholine

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The key neurotransmitter used in the SNS

A

NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does NE act on

A

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

excitatory Nonadrenergic/noncholinergic NTs

A

Substance P, neurokinin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inhibotory Nonadrenergic/noncholinergic NTs

A

NO, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The two principal muscle layers that control motility of the GI tract are:

A

the inner circular layer muscularis externa

the outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

this layer of the GI smooth muscle is thickened for form sphincters

A

the outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what type of muscle is most of the GI

A

smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reservoir for chewing and mixing of food with saliva

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the mouth contain

A

taste buds, olfactory nerves, and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Submandibular

Sublingual

Parotid

A

salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

saliva consists of

A

Water with mucus, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, potassium, and salivary α-amylase (carbohydrate digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is saliva controlled by

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

location of swallowing center

A

reticular formation of the brainstem, insula/claustrum and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

phases of swallowing

A

Oral and pharyngeal phases

Esophageal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what does the esophagus consist of
epithelial cell layer inner layer of circular muscle myenteric nerve plexus outer layer of longitudinal muscle.
26
hollow tube (25–30 cm long, 2–3 cm wide).
esophagus
27
what is the esophagus delimited by
UES and LES
28
what is the UES made of
striated circular muscle
29
what is the LES made of
smooth muscle
30
are sphincters closed or open btwn swallows
closed
31
why are the sphincters closed btwn swallows
Prevents entry of air and gastric acid into the esophagus.
32
controls the passage of digesta into the stomach prevents the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus Contracted between swallows Relaxed during swallows
LES
33
peristalsis
waves of relaxations and contractions of the tunica muscles
34
A hollow, muscular organ that stores food, secretes digestive juices, mixes food with the juices, and propels partially digested food (chyme)
stomach
35
muscle layers of stomach
longitudinal, circular, and oblique
36
gastrin
increase gastric and intestinal motility
37
secretin
inhibits gastrin release and gastric acid secretion
38
cholecystokinin
satiety
39
motillin
Increases gastric emptying and small bowel motility
40
what gastric juices does the stomach secrete
Mucus, Acid, Enzymes, Hormones, Intrinsic factor, Gastroferrin
41
what do pit/surface/foveolar cells secrete
mucus
42
what do mucus neck cells secrete
mucus
43
what do parietal cells secrete
HCl, intrinsic factor
44
what do zymogenic chief cellls secrete
pepsinogen
45
where are parietal cells and chief cells located
fundus of stomach
46
what do G cells secrete
gastrin
47
3 phases of gastric secretion
cephalic, gastric, and intestinal
48
cephalic phase of gastric secretion
anticipation (sight/smell of food) stimulates the vagus
49
gastric phase of gastric secretion
when food hits the stomach
50
intestinal phase of gastric secretion
slowing down
51
what do Enterochromaffin-like cells secrete
histamine
52
what does histamine stimulate
acid secretion
53
what is histamine stimulated by
gastrin secretion
54
what do D cells stimulate
somatostatin
55
what does somatostatin inhibit
Inhibits acid, pepsinogen, and gastrin secretion
56
outer layer of SI
longitudinal
57
inner layer of SI
circular
58
microvilli are found here
brush border
59
fat digestion begins here
SI
60
presence of food in the stomach and gastric peristalsis stimulates this
gastroileal reflex
61
inhibition of gastric motility by distention of the ileum stimulates this
ileogastric reflex
62
what does the ileocecal valve do
Separates small from large intestine; limits reflux of colonic contents into the ileum
63
rectosigmoid sphincter
O’Beirne sphincter
64
Internal anal sphincter is made of this
smooth muscle
65
external anal sphincter is made of this
skeletal muscle
66
Taenia coli
Longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle
67
______ are 95% of the fecal flora in the colon
Anaerobes
68
what separates lobes of the liver
falciform ligament
69
Caudate and quadrate lobes are part ofthis lobe in the liver
right
70
Immune cells in the liver
Kupffer cells Stellate cells Pit cells
71
what does bile contain
bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, electrolytes, and water
72
what is bile formed by
hepatocytes
73
where is bile secreted into
bile canalibuli
74
what is Enterohepatic circulation responsible for
recycling of bile salts
75
this is a byproduct of the destruction of aged red blood cells
bilirubin
76
functions of liver
store blood, remove bact. and foreign particles, make clotting factors, make bile, metabolize fats/proteins/carbs, detox, store vitamins and minerals
77
A sac-like organ that lies on the inferior surface of the liver
gallbladder
78
function of gallbladder
store and concentrate bile between meals
79
how much bile does the gallbladder hold
90 mL

PAS 563 Med Phys (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions