CNS part 2

Question 1

what is nervous tissue made of

Answer 1

neurons and glia

Question 2

gray matter?

Answer 2

general term for cell bodies in the CNS

Question 3

cortex?

Answer 3

thin sheets of neurons usually at brain surface or cortex

Question 4

nucleus?

Answer 4

mass of neurons that are large and deep in the brain

Question 5

locus?

Answer 5

defined group of neurons smaller than a nucleus

Question 6

ganglion?

Answer 6

collection of neurons in the PNS

Question 7

white matter?

Answer 7

general term for axons in the CNS

Question 8

tract?

Answer 8

collection of axons with a common origin and common destination

Question 9

capsule?

Answer 9

group of axons connecting cerebrum and brainstem

Question 10

commissure?

Answer 10

group of axons connecting one side of the brain to the other

Question 11

lemniscus?

Answer 11

ribbon like tract

Question 12

nerve?

Answer 12

bundle of axons in the PNS (except optic nerve)

Question 13

what bones are in the cranium?

Answer 13

frontal, occipital, temporal (2), parietal, ethmoid, sphenoid

Question 14

where is the galea aponeurotica located?

Answer 14

cranium

Question 15

meninges?

Answer 15

protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord; dura, pia and arachnoid

Question 16

CSF?

Answer 16

clear, colorless fluid similar to blood plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 17

what is CSF made by

Answer 17

choroid plexuses in lateral, third, and 4th ventricle

Question 18

what is CSF reabsorbed by

Answer 18

arachnoid villi

Question 19

volume of CSF?

Answer 19

125-150 mL

Question 20

functions of CSF?

Answer 20

act as a shock absorber to protect brain, assist in maintenance of constant internal environment, remove metabolites from brian

Question 21

which vertebrae are fused

Answer 21

sacral and coccygeal

Question 22

what does damage to the nervous system cause

Answer 22

predictable symptoms that help diagnosing neurologic lesions

Question 23

what are the 2 cerebral hemispheres of the cerebrum divided by

Answer 23

longitudinal fissure

Question 24

the left hemisphere controls mvmt and sensation from what side of the body

Answer 24

right

Question 25

is the cerebellum motor or sensory?

Answer 25

motor

Question 26

functions of cerebellum?

Answer 26

equilibrium, muscle coordination

Question 27

what structure controls mvmt btwn the cerebrum and spinal cord

Answer 27

brainstem

Question 28

what is the brainstem responsible for

Answer 28

regulation of vital body functions such as breathing and consciousness

Question 29

if the spinal cord is transected, where is there loss of sensation and paralysis

Answer 29

below affected spinal level

Question 30

major conduit of sensory and motor info btwn brain and periphery

Answer 30

spinal cord

Question 31

gyri?

Answer 31

fold of the brain that increase surface area

Question 32

sulci?

Answer 32

small fissures that separate gyri

Question 33

where is the insular lobe seen?

Answer 33

when the lateral sulcus is pulled open

Question 34

what is the primary cortex involved in the function of

Answer 34

basic motor and basic sensory function

Question 35

association cortex?

Answer 35

larger areas of the cortex that cant be assigned specific functions; higher functions of the mind, interpret meaning of sensory info, form intentions

Question 36

parts of the frontal lobe?

Answer 36

prefrontal, premotor, primary motor, brocas speech

Question 37

what does the prefrontal area of the cortex deal with

Answer 37

goal directed behavior

Question 38

what does the left hemisphere deal with

Answer 38

language

Question 39

what does the right hemisphere deal with

Answer 39

attn to somatosensory stimuli

Question 40

what does the parietal lobe deal with

Answer 40

sensory input

Question 41

where is wernikes area located

Answer 41

temporal lobe

Question 42

brocas area?

Answer 42

motor speech area; helps with mvmts required to produce speech

Question 43

wernikes area?

Answer 43

sensory speech area; helps with understanding speech and using correct words to express our thoughts

Question 44

brocas aphasia?

Answer 44

expressive aphasia; loss of ability to produce spoken words or written language

Question 45

wernikes aphasia?

Answer 45

receptive aphasia; inability to understand written or spoken language

Question 46

are ppl with brocas aphasia aware of it

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

are ppl with wernikes aphasia aware of it

Answer 47

no

Question 48

what is the thalamus?

Answer 48

relay station where the sensory pathways for the somatic sensation, vision, and hearing synapse as they travel to the cortex

Question 49

what is the hypothalamus

Answer 49

command center for the ANS, endocrine system, and pituitary

Question 50

forebrain?

Answer 50

thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, retina, optic nerve, olfactory bulb

Question 51

amygdala and hippocampus?

Answer 51

emotions and memory

Question 52

tectum?

Answer 52

dorsal part of midbrain

Question 53

superior colliculus?

Answer 53

receives sensory input from the eye; controls eye mvmts

Question 54

inferior colliculus?

Answer 54

relay sensation for sensory input from the ear before it passes through the thalamus to the cortex

Question 55

tegmentum/cerebral peduncles?

Answer 55

ventral part of midbrain

Question 56

what are the 2 areas involved in motor control in the midbrain?

Answer 56

red nucleus and substantia nigra

Question 57

metencephalon consists of...

Answer 57

cerebellum and pons

Question 58

myenecephalon?

Answer 58

medulla oblongata

Question 59

hindbrian?

Answer 59

metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 60

what are the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum connected by

Answer 60

vermis

Question 61

what does the cerebellum receive axons from

Answer 61

forebrain and spinal cord

Question 62

what do descending inputs from the forebrain relay info about in the cerebellum

Answer 62

movements

Question 63

what do ascending inputs from the spinal cord relay info about in the cerebellum

Answer 63

position in body space (proprioception)

Question 64

what does damage to the cerebellum cause

Answer 64

jerky mvmts that are not coordinated and are inaccurate AKA ataxia

Question 65

what does the brainstem act as a nerve tract for

Answer 65

passage btwn the forebrain and spinal cord

Question 66

what contains nuclei (collections of nerve cell bodies) that are associated with cranial nerves

Answer 66

pons, midbrain, and medulla

Question 67

what do CN do

Answer 67

bring info from sense organs to the brain, control muscles, and are connected glands and internal organs

Question 68

each spinal nerve attaches to the spinal cord by 2 branches. what are they

Answer 68

dorsal root and ventral root

Question 69

what does the dorsal root of the spinal cord do

Answer 69

brings afferent info into the spinal cord; sensory

Question 70

what matter consists of nerve axons covered in myelin

Answer 70

white matter

Question 71

lateral and ventral columns convey what info where?

Answer 71

convey sensory and motor info via ascending and descending tracts, respectively