GIS Flashcards
1
Q
It combines location and information about the location
A
Geographic Information System (GIS)
2
Q
Ability to analyze information
A
Geographic Information System (GIS)
3
Q
Analyze as many layers of information at once
A
Geographic Information System (GIS)
4
Q
Can overlay different spatial information at once
A
Geographic Information System (GIS)
5
Q
Information associated with underlying geography, or description of location
A
Spatial Information
6
Q
science that deals with the construction, use, and principles behind maps and map use
A
Cartography
7
Q
imaginary lines that runs horizontally
A
Latitude
8
Q
________________ are numbered from 0 to 90 north and south
A
Degrees latitude
9
Q
The ______________ is the imaginary line that divides the north and south hemisphere
A
equator
10
Q
also known as parallels since they are parallel and are equal distant from each other (69 miles or 111km apart)
A
Latitude
11
Q
Imaginary lines that runs vertically and also known as meridians
A
Longitude
12
Q
They converge at the poles and are widest at the equator (69miles or 111 km apart)
A
Longitude
13
Q
0 degree refers to ____________ located at Greenwich England and continues 180 degrees east and west where they meet and form the International Date line in the Pacific Ocean
A
Prime Meridian
14
Q
is the key to read a map
A
Map Legend
15
Q
It provides essential information for the map reader
A
Map Legend
16
Q
Ratio between distance on a paper map and distance of the same stretch in actual terrain
A
Map Scale
17
Q
The accuracy with which a given map scale can depict the location and shape of map features
A
Resolution
18
Q
The ______________ the map scale, the higher the possible resolution
A
smaller
19
Q
plays a large role in GIS especially in raster - based modelling
A
Resolution
20
Q
the minimum size of objects that can be detected by a sensor system
A
Spatial Resolution
21
Q
used to portray all or part of the round earth (3D) on a flat surface (2D) map
A
Map Projection
22
Q
All map projections _________ the surface in some fashion
A
Distort
23
Q
A map or parts of a map can show one or more, but never all of the following:
A
- True Directions
- True Distances
- True Areas
- True Shapes
24
Q
Longitudes equally spaced
A
Cylindrical Projection
25
Latitudes unequally spaced
Cylindrical Projection
26
Scales is true along equator
Cylindrical Projection
27
Shape and scale distortions increase near poles
Cylindrical Projection
28
Shows true direction
Cylindrical Projection
29
Universal Traverse Mercator
Cylindrical Projection
30
Result from projecting a spherical surface onto a cone
Conic Projection
31
Best for mid-latitudes with an East- West orientation like Canada
Conic Projection
32
Result from projecting a spherical surface onto a plane
Azimuthal (Planar) Projection
33
Best for Polar or Circular Regions
Azimuthal (Planar) Projection
34
Direction always true from center
Azimuthal (Planar) Projection
35
enable geographic datasets to use common locations for integration
Coordinate System
36
used to represent the locations of geographic features, imagery, and observations such as GPS locations within a common geographic framework
Reference System
37
a combination of factors; ellipsoid, geoid, datum, coordinate system and projection that identify a point on a sphere and on a two dimensional representation of the sphere
Spatial Reference Framework
38
the science of measuring the earth
Geodesy
39
the science of identifying and measuring specific locations on the earth
Surveying
40
a mathematical model of the size and shape of the earth
Ellipsoid
41
slightly non-spherical object, but not necessarily mathematically definable
Spheroid
42
a theoretical surface generally defined as mean sea level
Geoid
43
used as the basis for a vertical datum and as a reference for a horizontal datum
Geoid
44
a spheroid used as an (X,Y) reference to all points on the real globe
Horizontal Datum
45
level surface to which heights (elevation) are referenced
Vertical Datum
46
A global or spherical coordinate system such as latitude - longitude. These are often referred to as ______________________
Geographic Coordinate Systems
47
based on a map projection such as transverse Mercator, which provide various mechanisms to project maps of the earth's spherical surface onto a two-dimensional Cartesian Coordinate Plane
Projected coordinate system
48
a geodetic datum first defined in 1911 and is suitable for use in Philippines - onshore
Luzon 1911
49
Luzon 1911 references the ______________ and the Greenwich Prime Meridian
Clarke 1866 ellipsoid
50
Luzon 1911
Origin is Fundamental point: _______________
Latitude: 13" 33' 41.000'' north,
Longitude: 121" 52' 03.000" E ( of Greenwich)
Hinanggayon, Marinduque
51
A geodetic Datum for Topographic Mapping
Luzon 1911
52
was defined by Information from Coast and Geodetic Survey Replaced by Philippine Reference System of 1992 (datum Code 6683)
Luzon 1911
53
a homogenous national network of geodetic control points (GCPs), marked by concrete monuments or mojons, that has been established using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology - NAMRIA
PRS92 or the Philippine Reference System of 1992
54
it is a local projection designed specifically for the Philippines and primarily used for surveying political boundaries
Luzon 1911
55
___________ reduces distortion by creating a series of central meridians
PTM or Philippine Transverse Mercator Coordinate System
56
Local Series of Projections designed primarily for collecting survey data in the Philippines
Philippine Transverse Mercator
57
Philippine Transverse Mercator Zones:
Zone I: ____________________________
Zone II: 119 degrees East Palawan and Calamian Islands
Zone III: 121 degrees East Luzon (except SE), Mindoro
Zone IV: 123 degrees East SE Luzon, West Mindanao
Zone V: 125 degrees East East Mindanao, Bohol, Samar
117 degrees East Area West of 118 degrees East
58
Philippine Transverse Mercator Zones:
Zone I: 117 degrees East Area West of 118 degrees East
Zone II: _______________________
Zone III: 121 degrees East Luzon (except SE), Mindoro
Zone IV: 123 degrees East SE Luzon, West Mindanao
Zone V: 125 degrees East East Mindanao, Bohol, Samar
119 degrees East Palawan and Calamian Islands
59
Philippine Transverse Mercator Zones:
Zone I: 117 degrees East Area West of 118 degrees East
Zone II: 119 degrees East Palawan and Calamian Islands
Zone III: ____________________
Zone IV: 123 degrees East SE Luzon, West Mindanao
Zone V: 125 degrees East East Mindanao, Bohol, Samar
121 degrees East Luzon (except SE), Mindoro
60
Philippine Transverse Mercator Zones:
Zone I: 117 degrees East Area West of 118 degrees East
Zone II: 119 degrees East Palawan and Calamian Islands
Zone III: 121 degrees East Luzon (except SE), Mindoro
Zone IV: _____________________
Zone V: 125 degrees East East Mindanao, Bohol, Samar
123 degrees East SE Luzon, West Mindanao
61
Philippine Transverse Mercator Zones:
Zone I: 117 degrees East Area West of 118 degrees East
Zone II: 119 degrees East Palawan and Calamian Islands
Zone III: 121 degrees East Luzon (except SE), Mindoro
Zone IV: 123 degrees East SE Luzon, West Mindanao
Zone V: _____________________________
125 degrees East East Mindanao, Bohol, Samar
62
Single Square Cells
Raster
63
Each cell will have a value corresponding to its land cover type
Raster
64
Represents features as a matrix of cells in continuous space
Raster
65
Points, Lines/Routes, Polygons/Regions, and TINs (Triangulated Irregular Networks)
Vector
66
Simple Data Structure
Raster
67
Complex Data Structure
Vector
68
Easy and efficient overlaying
Raster
69
Difficult to perform overlaying
Vector
70
Compatible with Remote Sensing Imagery
Raster
71
Not compatible with Remote Sensing Imagery
Vector
72
Occupies larger disk space
Raster
73
Less of space required
Vector
74
Suffers from discretization
Raster
75
No such effect
Vector
76
Resolution depends on the cell size
Raster
77
depends on the source data
Vector
78
Suitable for phenomenon of transition boundaries
Raster
79
Suitable for features with distinct gradational changes
Vector
80
Errors in perimeter and shape
Raster
81
Efficient encoding of topology
Vector
82
Easier for processing data
Raster
83
Data processing is complex
Vector
84
Difficult to perform network analysis
Raster
85
Easy to perform network analysis
Vector
86
E.g. : DEM
Raster
87
E. g. : TIN
Vector
88
those collected in digital format specifically for use in a GIS project by direct measurement
Primary Source
89
Examples include raster satellite images, and vector building-survey measurements captured using a total survey station
Primary Source
90
those reused from earlier studies or obtained from other systems
Secondary Sources
91
Examples include raster scanned color aerial photographs of urban areas and paper maps that can be scanned and vectorized (digitized)
Secondary Sources
92
it is the measure of totality of features
Data Completeness
93
termed as the degree of details that are displayed on a uniform space
Data Precision
94
termed as the discrepancy between the actual attributes value and coded attribute value
Data Accuracy
95
termed as the absence of conflicts in a particular database
Data Consistency
96
gathering information about something (object) without actually being in any contact with it
Remote Sensing
97
A _________ in orbit around the earth has a sensor which scans the Earth's surface measuring the amount of light reflected/ transmitted
satellite
98
one in which the satellite is always in the same position with respect to the rotating Earth
Geostationary orbit
99
An orbit that goes over both the North and the South Pole
Polar Orbit or Sun-Synchronous Orbit
100
Distance of satellite and Earth on Geostationary Orbit
22,300 miles or 36,000 kilometers
101
Distance of satellite and Earth on Polar Orbit
879km or 500 miles
102
a device that measures a certain energy level of the electromagnetic spectrum and converts it into a signal which can be read by an instrument
Sensor
103
developed to measure a certain amount of energy dependent on the usage
Sensor
104
generatred by feature extraction from high resolution stereo satellite imagery
Digital Elevation Model
105
has a product of 90m DEM data sets for orthorectification of satellite image data
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
106
it uses inSAR which measures Earth's elevation with two antennas.
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
107
has collected one of the most accurate digital elevation models of earth
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
108
is an active sensor that measures ground height
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)
109
using light from an airplane or helicopter platform, it measures the time it takes to bounce back to the sensor. From this, you can create Digital Surface Models which is useful in forestry
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)
110
radar mapping technology is an effective tool for collecting data under challenging circumstances such as cloud cover, extreme weather conditions, rugged terrain, and remote locations
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR)
111
this geodetic method uses two or more synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to generate maps of surface deformation or digital elevation, using differences in the phase of the waves returning to the satellite
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR)
112
are satellites specifically designed for earth observation from orbit, similar to spy satellites but intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc.
Earth Observation Satellites
113
is an object -detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain
RADAR or Radio Detection and Ranging or Radio Direction and Ranging
114
is a remote sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges (variable distances) to the Earth
Light Detection and Ranging
115
LIDAR that typically uses a near-infrared laser to map the land
Topographic LIDAR
116
LIDAR that uses water-penetrating green light to also measure seafloor and riverbed elevations
Bathymetric LIDAR
117
is helpful for exploring and mapping the ocean because sound waves travel father in the water than do radar and light waves
SONAR or Sound Navigation Ranging
118
transducers emit an acoustic signal or pulse of sound into the water
Active Sonar
119
are used primarily to detect noise from marine objects (such as submarines or ships) and marine animals like whales
Passive Sonar
