GOP Flashcards
1
Q
The Philippine Island is located at
A
Philippine Mobile Belt
2
Q
Surrounded by 3 major plates
A
Philippine Mobile belt
3
Q
the 3 plates surrounding the Philippine Mobile Belt?
A
- Pacific Plate
- Eurasian Plate
- Indo-Australian plate
4
Q
Pacific Plate is composed of
A
Oceanic crust
5
Q
Age of Pacific Plate
A
150 Ma (Late Jurassic)
6
Q
The Pacific Plate is moving ______ at ______ per year.
A
Northwest , 80mm
7
Q
Kinematics reorganization of the Pacific Plate happened during
A
- 43 MY (eocene) at 50° Counter clockwise (NNW to WNW)
- 5 MY (miocene) at 10° Clockwise
8
Q
Pacific Plate subducts at
A
- Under Eurasian plate along Japan trench
- Along Bonin-Marianas Yap trench system; under Philippine Sea plate.
- Under Indo-Australian, east of New Zealand.
9
Q
Why does the Pacific Plate only age up to 150 MY?
A
Because the material there are being SUBDUCTED
10
Q
Evidence used to identify the rotation/ manifestation that happened 25 MY
A
Emperor Seamount
11
Q
Eurasian Plate is composed of
A
Entirely continental crust except at the marginal basin
12
Q
The Eurasian Plate is moving ______ per year
A
3mm
13
Q
Fixed / stable plate since 50 Ma (late miocene)
A
Eurasian plate
14
Q
2 components of the Indo-Australian plate
A
Continental and Oceanic
15
Q
The continental component of Indo-Australian plate
A
India and Australia
16
Q
The oceanic component of Indo-Australian plate
A
Indian Ocean
17
Q
the fastest moving plate
A
Indo-Australian plate
18
Q
Indo-Australian plate moves _______ at _______mm/yr
A
Northward motion, 107
19
Q
Australia and India separated because?
A
The development of MOR
20
Q
The separation of Australia and India started _______ and cease during ______
A
150 MY (Late Jurassic) (start) ; 43MY (Middle Eocene) (end)
21
Q
The India part of the Indo-Australian plate collides with
A
Eurasian plate (in the Himalayas)
22
Q
The oceanic portion of Indo - Australian Plate subducts under Eurasian Plate along the ____________
A
Java Trench
23
Q
The Philippine Sea Plate is subdivided to
A
- Ocean Basin
- Submarine Ridges
24
Q
Occupies almost 50% of the Philippine Sea Plate
A
West Philippine Basin
25
West Philippine Basin is composed of
3 submarine plateau
26
3 submarine plateau in the West Philippine Basin
1. Benham Rise
2. Urdaneta Plateau
3. Anami oki-daito ridges
27
Base on _________, West Philippine Basin is age 35 MY to 60 MY
Paleomagnetic Data
28
West Philippine Basin is age 42 to 53 MY based on
Deep sea Drilling
29
An extinct MOR in the WPB
Central Basin Fault
30
Central basin fault trends from ________ to _______
WNW to ESE
31
The one responsible for the spreading or generation of the WPB
Central Basin Fault
32
Stages of Opening of WPB
1. 60 and 45 MY at NE-SW (4.4 cm/year of half spreading rate)
2. 45 and 35 MY at NS orientation (1.8 cm/yr)
33
2 models for the WPB's Origin
1. Trapped Oceanic Basin
2. Back Arc Basin
34
Trapped Oceanic Basin states that
WPB is enclosed by older ridges
35
Back Arc Basin Model states that
As subduction goes along, if the slab is older and colder it will therefore be pushed back or roll back because it gets heavier and as it rolls back it pulls/ trigger the spreading of the central basin faults which causes the generation of the WPB
36
During the Opening of the West Philippine Basin the _________ correspond to a relict volcanic arc that travelled to the NE. (According to Back Arc Basin Model)
Oki - Daito
37
An Oceanic Crust Basin that accelerates on a N-S spreading axis
Parece Vela - Shikoku Basin
38
The 1st Stage of the opening of the Parece Vela - Shikoku Basin starts at ______ and correspond to ________
30 Ma ; Parece Vela
39
The 2nd Stage of the opening of the Parece Vela - Shikoku Basin starts at ________ and correspond to ________
10 Ma; Shikoku
40
The Parece Vela - Shikoku Basin stops it movement at
17 Ma
41
It is a presently active Basin and opens around 6 Ma
Marianas Basin
42
The Opening of the Marianas Basin is usually associated with
an eastward migration of the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Philippine Sea Plate
43
Poorly known portion on the Southern extremity of the Philippine Sea Plate
Ayu Basin
44
It divides the West Philippine Basin and the Parece Vela - Shikoku Basin
Palau - Kyushu Ridge
45
Palau - Kyushu Ridge traverse the Philippine Sea Plate for _________ km
2500 km
46
Palau - Kyushu Ridge is considered as a relic volcanic arc of the _________ to _________ age
Middle Eocene to Oligocene
47
Following the Trapped Basin Model the Palau - Kyushu Ridge what happened at 43 Ma
Transform fault to subduction
48
Following the Trapped Basin Model the Palau - Kyushu Ridge what happened at 30 Ma
the subduction retreated eastward
49
Eastern limit of the Shikoku Basin
Izu - Bonin Ridge
50
Izu - Bonin Ridge Represent the volcanic arc of the present active __________ colliding with the ____________
Bonin Trench ; Japanese Margin (Izu Peninsula)
51
Two branches of Izu - Bonin Ridge towards south
1. West Marianas Ridge
2. East Marianas Ridge
52
An ancient volcanic arc active between 20 to 9 Ma
West Marianas Ridge
53
Volcanic Arc of the presently active Marianas Trench
East Marianas Ridge
54
Defines the W and E limits of Marianas Basin
East Marianas Ridge
55
Tectonic Nature of the Boundaries of the Philippine Sea Plate
1. To the E, defined by the Bonin – Marianas – Yap
Trench system
2. To NW, subducts under the Japanese Archipelago
along the Nankai and Ryukyu Trench
3. Collides with the Eurasian Margin in Taiwan
4. To SW, subducts into Philippine Archipelago along
Philippine Trench System
56
Present Day Kinematics of the Philippine Sea Plate
NW displacement direction
57
3 Main Kinematic parameters of Philippine Sea Plate with Respect to Eurasia
1. Rotation pole located NE of Japan
2. Relative displacement rate that varies from N to
S along the western edge of the PSP, from 3
cm/yr in the latitude of the Nankai Trough to
around 9 cm/yr on the southern end of the
Philippine Trench
3. Relative displacement direction whose azimuth is
directed N55W near Taiwan with a linear velocity
around 7 cm/yr
58
The reorganization of the Old Kinematics of the Philippine Sea Plate happened
4 Ma
59
Old Day Kinematics of Philippine Sea Plate
1. The direction of the PSP/Eurasian relative movement has changed from NNW to WNW since 5 Ma based on Taiwan collision and Izu-Misira-Boso Region of Japan
2. In Taiwan, 4 to 6 Ma, 40 degrees CCW
3. In Japan, 2 to 3 Ma, 30 degrees CCW
4. Northward component of the plate's movement happens between Eocene and Pliocene based on paleomagnetic records in Benham Rise
60
The Marginal Basins that has an affinity with the Eurasian Plate
1. South China Sea Basin
2. Sulu Sea Basin
3. Celebes Sea Basin
61
South China sea has a depth of
4km
62
South China Sea opened during
32 and 17 Ma
63
The opening of South China Sea was preceded by
Rifting
64
The rifting that happened after the opening of South China sea could have take place
Between late Cretaceous and Late Eocene
65
2 stages of opening in South China Sea
1. 32 to 17 Ma; along E-W axis
2. 20 to 17 Ma ; along NE-SE axis
66
Situated immediately to the Southeast of Palawan.
Sulu Sea Basin
67
Composed of two sub-basin that are separated by an E-NE trending the Cagayan de Sulu ridge
Sulu sea Basin
68
Sulu Sea Basin is composed of two sub-basin that are separated by an E-NE trending which is the __________________
Cagayan de Sulu Ridge (CSR)
69
Sulu Sea Basin Formed Starting during ______________
20 Ma (Early Miocene)
70
Age of Cagayan de Sulu Ridge
14.7 Ma
71
Cagayan de Sulu (CSR) subdivides the Sulu Sea Basin (SSB) into
1. NW Sub-basin
2. SE Sub-basin
72
Separates the Sulu Sea Basin from the Celebes Sea Basin
Sulu-Zamboanga Ridge
73
Age of Sulu-Zamboanga Ridge
Pleistocene to Holocene
74
Located at SE of Sulu Basin and Aulu-Zamboanga Arc.
Celebes sea basin
75
Celebes Sea Basin has an age of ______________________ based on the ENE-WSW oriented magnetic anomalies
Eocene age (around 55 to 42Ma)
76
The assigned age of Celebes Sea Basin was supported by _____________________________ blanketing the MORB - like oceanic basement
Results of Radiolarian dating of Pelagic Sediments
77
West dipping Subduction zone.
Philippine Trench and East Luzon Through
78
Age of Philippine Trench
5 Ma
79
Westward Subduction of PSP under them eastern Philippine arc
Philippine Trench
80
Coordinate of Philippine Trench
4N - 15N
81
(Philippine Trench) __________ degrees to the North Benioff Zone but plunges to over 45 degrees to the South
20 degrees
82
(Philippine Trench) 20 degrees to the North Benioff Zone but plunges to over ________________ degrees to the South
45 degrees
83
The maximum length of subducting slab of the Philippine Trench
250 km
84
The volcanic arc traced from Bicol to Leyte
Philippine Trench
85
Moluccas Collision Zone is manifested by the ____________________
Philippine Trench
86
(Philippine Trench) To completely consume 250 km of slab subducted at 8 cm/yr would take _____________
3.1 Ma
87
(Philippine Trench) To completely consume 250 km of slab subducted at ____________ would take 3.1 Ma
8 cm/yr
88
Presently shows signs of movement
East Luzon trough
89
Movement of East Luzon Trough
Northward Direction
90
Age of East Luzon Trough
Early Miocene
91
Coordinate of East Luzon Trough
16N-18N
92
East dipping Subduction zone
Manila trench, Negros trench, and Cotabato trench
93
Subduction of the oceanic crust of the South China sea under the Luzon Arc
Manila trench
94
Bathymetric Depression of Manila Trench
5100m
95
Sedimentary fill of Manila Trench
250 to 2600 m thick
96
(Manila Trench) Benioff Zone is ______________ on its southern portion, but flattens off towards the north
steep
97
(Manila Trench) Benioff Zone is steep on its southern portion, but _______________ off towards the north
flattens
98
Mindoro-Panay Collision zone is under ___________________
Manila Trench
99
Manila Trench started around
Either 15 Ma (Wolfe 1981 and Hayes & Lewis 1984) or Older than 15 Ma (Malettere 1989)
100
Coordinate of Manila Trench
22N - 13N
101
Oceanic crust of the Sulu Sea Basin is being consumed
Negros trench
102
(Negros Trench) Subducted oceanic slab does not seem to exceed _____________
100km
103
It's subduction is marked by the presence of an arc which has been active since its initiation at -10 Ma
Negros trench
104
Negros Trench started around
10 Ma
105
Coordinate of Negros Trench
10N
106
A left lateral strike slip fault in Mindanao that links the Cotabato Trench and negros trench
Cotabato fault.
107
The activity along the Cotabato Trench is fairly ___________ as suggested by its poorly developed Benioff Zone
recent
108
This trench consumes the Celebes sea basin, and the corresponding volcanic arc can be found on the Western margins of Mindanao
Cotabato Trench
109
(Cotabato Trench) Subduction is marked by earthquakes down to around ____________ depth
100 km
110
Subduction along the Cotabato Trench is ________________, similar to what they perceived for the initiation of subduction zones along the Sulu Sea Margin
younger than 5 Ma
111
Continental- Arc Collision
Taiwan Collision Zone
112
Taiwan Collision Zone has a length/depth of
400 km
113
(Taiwan Collision Zone) __________ start of collision with PSP and EP
4 Ma
114
The Geology of the PMB is subdivided to
1. Metamorphic Rocks
2. Ophiolites and Ophiolitic Belts
3. Magmatic Arcs
4. Sedimentary Basins
115
Pre - Cretaceous Metamorphic Rocks of Continental Origin:
1. Carmaoy Schist
2. Halcon Metamorphics
3. Romblon Metamorphics
4. Buruang Metamorphics
5. Tungauan Schist
116
Cretaceous Metamorphic Rock of Insular Arc Affinity:
Basic to Ultramafic in character
117
The Pre – Cretaceous Metamorphic Rocks of Continental Origin is characterized by __________ and concentrated on the _________________
high Silica ; Western Portion of the Philippines
118
The Cretaceous Metamorphic Rock of Insular Arc Affinity do not extend beyond ___________
Paleogene
119
Complete Ophiolites
1. Zambales
2. Isabela
3. Palawan
4. Pujada
120
Youngest Ophiolite
Mindoro (Amnay)
121
Oldest Magmatic Arc
Cebu (Cretaceous)
122
Ages of the ancient magmatic arc in the Philippines
1. Cretaceous
2. Early Eocene to Oligocene
3. Middle Miocene to Late Miocene
4. Miocene to Pliocene
5. Plio - Pleistocene
123
Active Volcanic Arcs
1. Luzon Volcanic Arc
2. East - Philippine Arc
3. Negros - Panay Arc
4. Sulu - Zamboanga Arc
5. Cotabato Arc
124
Sedimentary Basin that are PMB Affinity
1. Ilocos - Central Luzon Basin
2. Cagayan Valley Basin
3. Southern Luzon - Bicol Basin
4. Mindoro Basin
5. Iloilo Basin
6. Visayan Sea Basin
7. Samar Basin
8. Agusan - Davao Basin
9. Cotabato Basin
125
Sedimentary thickness of Ilocos Central Luzon Basin
8000m / 8 km
126
Sedimentary thickness of Cagayan Valley Basin
8,100m / 8.1 km
127
Sedimentary thickness of Southern Luzon - Bicol Basin
4,600 m / 4.6 km
128
Sedimentary thickness of Iloilo Basin
5,000m / 5km
129
Sedimentary thickness of Visayan Sea Basin
4,000 / 4 km
130
Sedimentary thickness of Agusan - Davao Basin
12,000 m / 12km
131
Sedimentary thickness of Cotabato Basin
8,000 m / 8km
