TRIVIAS: GEOLOGIC MONUMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Flashcards by Janielle Kaye Marie Benito

a continental block represented by northern Palawan, Southern Mindoro, Romblon Island group and Baruanga Peninsula in Panay

North Palawan Block

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a continental block consist of pre-upper cretaceous low grade metamorphic basement, overlain by upper cretaceous and upper eocene strata

Mindoro Block

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the second Highest mountain in the Philippines(2938m) and also possesses one of the most impressive forests in the Philippines

Mt. Dulang - Dulang

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the source rock of Malampaya Gas field

Nido Limestone

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famous for being called “born of fire”. Because despite its small land area, it is a home for 7 volcanoes: Mount Vulcan Daan, Mount Mambajao, Mount Karling, Mount Uhay, Guinisiliban Peak, Tres Marias Mountain, and Mount Hibok-Hibok.

Camiguin Volcanic Complex

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Teresa Marble Corporation

Binangonan Formation

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Mount Apo

Koronadal Formation

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Consists of two NE-trending faults: the Western and Eastern Valley Faults that transect parts of eastern Metro Manila and possibly extend southwards to Tagaytay Ridge

Marikina Fault System

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it embodies an arc-continent collision event during the Miocene involving portions of the North Palawan Block and Philippine Mobile Belt

Mindoro Island

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It is flanked on the west (and partially underlain) by the Zambales Ophiolite Complex, an easterly-dipping slab of Eocene ocean crust uplifted during the late Oligocene (Villones, 1980).

Mt. Pinatubo

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is a tectonic boundary between the Palawan- Mindoro microcontinental block and the western edge of the Philippine Mobile Belt.

Tablas Lineament

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It is essentially a strike-slip (left-lateral) fault in the vicinity of Verde passage, but appears to transform into a transpressional (thrust/left-lateral) fault as it cuts through the southern section of the Manila Trench accretionary prism.

Lubang-Verde Passage Fault System

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it is located west of Luzon Island opposite the East-Luzon Trough and represents the morphologic expression of the subduction of the oceanic crust of the South China Sea under the Luzon Arc

Manila Trench

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Represents the northernmost volcano of the present day Sangihe arc

Balut Volcano

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The youngest limestone unit blanketing most of the western part of the island and all the other islets fringing Bohol

Maribojoc Limestone

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Historically known as San Juan De Sahagun, a barangay that sank after an earthquake and resulted to a lake. It was formed as a result of coastal progradation and the subsequent development of a sand dune barrier during the late Quaternary Period.

Paoay Lake

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Karstic caves of Sagada Mountain province have been dated as Oligocene and is part of what formation?

Tineg Formation

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The formation where we can find stegodon (elephant) fossils aged as Pleistocene

Guadalupe Formation

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Highest volcanic center in Southwest Luzon

Mt. Banahaw

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most active volcano in the Philippines, erupting over 47 times in the past 500 years.

Mayon Volcano

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Paoay Sand Dunes , Ilocos Norte

Quaternary Alluvium

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This formation is the upper member of the Maribojoc Limestone and where the Chocolate hills are believed to be part of.

Cortes Limestone

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Rio Tuba Nickel Mining Corporation

Beaufort Ultramafics

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Represents Mt. Banahaw, the highest volcanic center in southwestern Luzon.

Banahaw Volcanic Complex

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Philippines is located within the ________________, at the center of the highest marine diversity in the world, which accounts for the rich and colorful marine life

Coral triangle

a remnant of a mantle-plume

Urdaneta Plateau

the only fault that intersects the Philippine trench and Philippine fault. It also connects the Philippine trench and Philippine fault.

Legaspi Lineament

It is the formation where the Jurassic fossil ammonite was discovered.

Mansalay Formation

An actively deforming zone created between the boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate and the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate.

Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB)

It is parallel to the western coasts of the islands of Panay and Negros where the oceanic crust of the Sulu Sea Basin is being consumed.

Negros Trench

Formed from the eruption of Mt. San Cristobal

7 lakes of San Pablo

this will be constructed within the zone of two active tectonic plates represented by the Philippine Fault Zone and the Valley Fault System.

Kaliwa Dam

It is the highest mountain in the province of Romblon.

Mt. Guiting-Guiting

Interbeds of conglomerates, conglomerate sandstones and coraline limestone from the Romblon Island Group that formed during the Pleistocene.

Peliw Formation

Vulcan Point is the world's largest island within a lake, that is situated on an island, located in a lake within an island. In what province does it belong?

Batangas

a mountain in Mogpog, Marinduque where the iconic stone marker of the Luzon Datum of 1911 or also known as 'The Geodetic Center of the Philippines' lies

Mount Mataas

It is the longest river in the Philippines, having a length of 390km.

Agusan River

Volcanic arc that comprise the Mt. Pinatubo

Bataan Volcanic Arc Complex

previously designated by Schafer (1954) as Pugo Series probably in reference to the exposures within the Pugo claims of Benguet Consolidated, Inc. in the Baguio District. This is a sequence of basaltic and andesitic flows and breccias with minor interbeds of sandstones, argillites and chert, as well as pyroclastic rocks. Pillow lava structures in the volcanic rocks have been noted in some places. This formation underlies a large part of the eastern part of the Baguio District which is intruded by later igneous rocks, notably the Central Cordillera Diorite Complex as well as by a variety of dikes, including lamprophyres.

Pugo Formation

is a thick sequence of clastic sedimentary rocks consisting mainly of polymictic conglomerates with interbedded sandstones, siltstones, shales and occasional limestone lenses and in places intercalated with flow breccias and pyroclastic rocks. Clasts of the conglomerate consist of volcanic rocks and quartz diorite as well as sedimentary rocks, including limestone fragments. Some of these clasts attain boulder-size dimensions.

Klondyke Formation

is a complex tectono-stratigraphic terrane made up of imbricated oceanic crustal rocks and its emplacement is accompanied by block faulting and trusts. The ______________ is composed of three major formational domains, a suite of pre-Cretaceous metamorphic basement schists or proto-arc (Sunga and Palaganas, 1986) of diverse volcanic and sedimentary composition, a Lower Cretaceous ophiolite, and a succession of Tertiary basic volcano-sedimentary polymicts, calcarenites and limestone formation.

Dinagat Ophiolite Complex

is a famous hiking destination in Tanay, Rizal made up of two towering limestone cliffs placed on top of each other.

Nagpatong Rock Formation

a sand bar located at Bantayan island, Municipality of Sta.Fe, Bohol

Virgin Island

a limestone cave located in the foothills of Sierra Madre Near the Wawa Dam in Rizal

Pamitinan Cave

considered to be the widest river in the country with a span of 400km and has many tributaries

Cagayan River

is a large potentially active andesitic stratovolcano located at the southern tip of Marinduque

Mount Malindig

is a dormant volcano located on the border of Cavite and Batangas.

Mount Pico de Loro

falls in Iligan city is known as the second highest waterfalls in the Philippines

Limunsudan Falls

sometimes called "twin falls" as the flow is separated by a rock at the brink of the waterfalls

Maria Cristina Falls

is a multi-tiered and the widest waterfall in the Philippines. Found in Bislig, Surigao del Sur

Tinuy-an Falls

is a deep spring river around 80 feet (depth) and has an underground cave system. Found in Hinatuan, Surigao del Sur.

Hinatuan Enchanted River

located in Benham Rise, known as the world's largest caldera.

Apolaki Caldera

is located in a conservation area of about 1500 hectares between the towns of Tanay and Baras in Rizal province.

Masungi Georeserve

A massive 2,856 meter-long ______________, the tenth longest cave in the Philippines.

Colapnitan Cave

Older gneissic complex of the metamorphics in the Indian Peninsula.

Peninsular Gneiss

Best exposed sequence of a complete ophiolite in the Philippines.

Zambales Ophiolite Complex

The crater found in Banud, Davao City is called ______________________. It is a low volcano that is formed due to phreatomagmatic eruption

a low-relief volcanic crater or Maar

is composed of tilted beds of calcareous sandstone and mudstone cropping out of the reef flats and tide pools.

Rakitdakit Rock Formation in Northern Samar

oldest artwork in the Philippines engraved on the wall of a shallow cave of volcanic tuff

Angono Petroglyphs

the biggest limestone formation and the highest cliff in El Nido

Taraw Cliff

is a large igneous province located in the West Philippine Basin

Benham Rise

is a karst formation composed of 200+ caves is also known as "Cradle of Philippine Civilization" situated at Lipuun Point, Panitian, Palawan.

Tabon Cave Complex

is an 8.2km long underground river located within the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park in the Philippines.

Puerto Princesa Underground River

are composed of coralline limestone, most likely ancient reef and shelf deposits eventually exposed to the surface by tectonic movement or fall of sea level

Pangasinan mushroom rocks

a series of coves which looks like a hand spread when viewed in the map, located in Mariveles, Bataan.

Five Fingers Cove

was formed in 1991 as an aftermath of the cataclysmic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo

Mapanuepe Lake

is considered as the largest cave in the Philippines and the world's third largest karst formation.

Calbiga Cave in Samar

is the tallest waterfall in the Philippines.

Aliwagwag Falls in Davao

a well-known cave system found in the province of Cagayan.

Callao Cave

located in Batanes’ Sabtang Island.

Nakabuang Arch

Known for having rainbow-colored sandstones

Danxia Landform in China

altar-shaped rock formation, setting of the first mass of Spanish Missionary priest St. Francis Xavier

Cape San Agustin Rock Formation (Davao Oriental)

a miniature version of the Kapurpurawan Rock Formation

Animasola Rock Formation (Masbate)

a rectangular shape sinkhole located in Bohol

Catigbian Karst Window

a rocky wall, as high as 5 meters, created by the 2013 M7.2 earthquake

Great Wall of Bohol

formed out of the strong water current and tectonic movements.

Alapad Rock Formation located in Batanes

is an example of Conical Karst Topography. The cause for its brown color is the drying up of the vegetations during dry season.

Chocolate Hills

was theorize to be once underwater due to the marine fossils found in its walls.

Sumaging Cave in Sagada Mountain Province

is caused by the collision between the Palawan microcontinental block and the Philippine mobile belt.

The Amnay Ophiolitic Complex in Mindoro

is the second largest atoll like coral reef in the world and the largest in the Philippines.

Apo reef located in Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro

It is a high-terraced waterfall with small basins.

Kaparkan Falls is located in Abra

It is famous for its maze-like formation.

Dupag Rock Formation is located in the province of Apayao.

Dinkidi Cu-Au Porphyry (OceanaGold Philippines Inc.

Mamparang Formation

"Biak-na-Bato national park"

Madlum Formation

is the widest lake in the Philippines with an area of 356 sq. miles.

Laguna de Bay

is a limestone formation located on the rocky coast of Burgos, Ilocos Norte.

Kapurpurawan Rock Formation

Hosted the karst formation of Puerto Princesa Underground River

St. Paul Limestone

The geologic formation that the Hundred Islands belongs to.

Bolingo Limestone

Pangasinan a total of 124 islands found in Alaminos, Pangasinan and are remnants of an ancient coral reef exposed by lowering of sea level and eroded into mushroom-shaped islands.

Hundred Islands

is an uplifted coastal area that was a product of the 2013 Bohol earthquake

Loon-Maribojoc Geological Monument

was formed from building up of remains of marine organisms in warm shallow seas million years ago.

Montalban Gorge

Highest mountain in the Philippines and is also considered as potentially active volcano

Mt. Apo

is located at Laoag, Ilocos Norte and was formed by the interaction of wind, sea and river that cause erosion and deposition.

La Paz Sand Dunes

an atoll known for its rich marine biodiversity

Tubbataha Reef in Palawan

Rocks date from Early Miocene Period.

Biri Rock Formations located in Northern Samar