Glands of digestion

Question 1

What organ lies inferior to liver - bulk of which is a body and contains a cystic duct that connects to a narrow neck

Answer 1

gallbladder

Question 2

What is the function of gallbladder

Answer 2

store and concentrate bile (can hold ~70 mL)

Question 3

What is the difference between hepatic bile and cystic bile

Answer 3

Hepatic = primary bile (from liver) 
Cystic = concentrated bile (in gallbladder)

Question 4

What hormone controls secretion of bile

Answer 4

CCK (and vagus n.)

Question 5

What is the surface epithelium of mucosa in gallbladder

Answer 5

simple columnar

Question 6

Clear cells (cholangiocytes) in the mucosa of the gallbladder have many what? What is the their function?

Answer 6

Many microvilli

Absorb water

Question 7

What do brush cells in the gallbladder do? Are there many of them?

Answer 7

Produce mucinogen

few in number

Question 8

True or false; the lamina propria of the gallbladder is loose and very vascular

Answer 8

true

Question 9

True or false; a muscularis mucosa is absent in the gallbladder

Answer 9

true

Question 10

What is very unique about the submucosa of the gallbladder

Answer 10

It is ABSENT!

Question 11

True or false; the muscularis externa of gallbladder has a normal pattern

Answer 11

false - not normal patter - thin smooth muscle layer with disorganized muscle arrangement

Question 12

Is the gallbladder mostly serosa or adventitia

Answer 12

serosa but some adventitia where it attaches to liver

Question 13

True or false; the pancreas has an exocrine and endocrine function

Answer 13

true

Question 14

What is the endocrine process of the pancreas

Answer 14

islets of langerhans producing hormones

Question 15

What is the exocrine process of the pancreas

Answer 15

serous acini producing digestive enzymes

Question 16

True or false; the largest portion of the pancreas is exocrine portion

Answer 16

true

Question 17

The secretion of the exocrine portion of the pancreas (serous acini) is controlled by what?

Answer 17

CCK an ACH from parasymp. nerves

Question 18

What controls secretion of water and bicarb from pancreatic ducts

Answer 18

secretin and ACH from parasymp nerves

Question 19

The centroacinar cells (which are located next to acinar cells) along with cuboid cells in the intercalated pancreatic ducts release what into where?

Answer 19

Release alkaline fluid (bicarb) into duodenum to buffer stomach chyme

Question 20

What is the function of the collagen rich ct. wrapping pancreatic duct?

Answer 20

Provide extra protection from digestive enzymes leaking

Question 21

What is the largest gland in the body with exocrine and endocrine function?

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

True or false; on top of metabolism of lipids, carbs and proteins - production of blood protein - detoxifying - and hepatic bile production - the liver also stores vitamin A and B12

Answer 22

true

Question 23

What is the shape of classic liver lobules?

Answer 23

Hexagonal

Question 24

Microvilliated cuboidal cells (in columns) possessing lateral bile canaliculi best describes what cell?

Answer 24

Hepatocytes

Question 25

What is the most common cell type of liver

Answer 25

hepatocyte

Question 26

How does bile move from hepatocytes

Answer 26

towards bile duct branch through the portal triad

Question 27

What is the arrangement of hepatocytes?

Answer 27

In rows between hepatic sinusoids like spokes of a wheel

Question 28

What are Kupffer cells?

Answer 28

Resident macrophages (develop from monocytes)

Question 29

What is the function of Kupffer cells?

Answer 29

Phagocytosis of debris (antigen presentation)

Question 30

True or false; Kupffer cells are stellate macrophages in liver

Answer 30

true

Question 31

What is another name for Ito cells?

Answer 31

Hepatic stellate cells (lipocytes)

Question 32

What is the function of ito cells (hepatic stellate cells)

Answer 32

Strore lipids for immediate use (store vitamin A) - produce collagen 1,3,4 and growth factors

Question 33

What are Pit cells?

Answer 33

Natural killer cells of liver - hepatic progenitor cells

Question 34

What is another name for a hepatic progenitor cell?

Answer 34

Pit cell

Question 35

The portal triad includes branches of what?

Answer 35

Hepatic artery portal vein bile duct lymph vessels

Question 36

Dilated, fenestrated thin walled vessels found between the rows of hepatocytes best describes what cell?

Answer 36

Hepatic sinusoids

Question 37

What is the percentages of venous vs. arterial blood carried in the hepatic sinusoids

Answer 37

75% venous | 25% arterial

Question 38

Fenestrated thin walled vessel that collects blood from the hepatic sinusoids best describes what?

Answer 38

Central vein

Question 39

What is another name for the space of Disse?

Answer 39

Perisinusoidal space

Question 40

What is the space of Disse?

Answer 40

Space between hepatocytes and fenestrated hepatic sinusoids - blood can directly contact microvilliated surfaces of the hepatocytes (nutrients)

Question 41

True or false; the space of Disse is why the liver can take over the function of the spleen if need be

Answer 41

true - flow of blood slows enough so cells can interact with blood and its contents

Question 42

What is Glisson's capsule?

Answer 42

dense irregular ct. covered with serosa in liver