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Immune cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of protection for the immune system?

A

Surface protection (mucus, keratin on skin, etc.)
Acute inflammation
Immune response

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2
Q

What is the difference between humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity

A

Humoral: usually in response to bacteria

Cell mediated: usually in response to virus, fungi, foreign cells

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3
Q

True or false; Cell mediated immunity is mediated by T cells

A

True

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4
Q

True or false; Cell mediated immunity depends on B cell participation

A

False; it does not depend on B cell participation

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5
Q

Which form of immune response involves antibody production

A

humoral immunity

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6
Q

True or false; humoral immunity is mediated by B cells and plasma cells

A

true

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7
Q

What are characteristics of diffuse lymphatics? What are a couple the lymphatic organs associated with it

A

no or incomplete capsule
humoral immunity
(Mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue “MALT”) (Tonsils)

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8
Q

What are characteristics of lymphatic organs? What are examples lymphatic organs?

A

HAS a capsule
Humoral AND cell-mediated immunities
(Lymph nodes, spleen)

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9
Q

True or false; lymphatic organs are associated with both humoral and cell-mediated immunities

A

true

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10
Q

What are the 2 primary lymphoid organs

A 
Thymus (T cells) 
Bone marrow (B cells)
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11
Q

What kind of lymphoid organ provides an environment where lymphocytes become immunocompetent

A

Primary lymphoid organs

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12
Q

What are the 3 examples of secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen
Lymph node
Diffuse lymphatics (MALT, Tonsils)

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13
Q

True or false; secondary lymphoid organs provide an environment where lymphocytes can contact foreign antigens

A

true

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14
Q

Where would you find MALT? (mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue)

A

gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts

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15
Q

True or false; tears, saliva, gut lumen, nasal cavity, and vaginal surface are all areas you would expect to find secretory IgA

A

true

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16
Q

What are the 2 major functions of lymph nodes

A

Filtration of lymph using phagocytosis

Establish humoral and cell mediated immunities

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17
Q

What kind of connective tissue makes up the capsule (outside) of lymph nodes

A

dense irregular

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18
Q

What are the trabeculae in lymph nodes?

A

(septa) divides lymph node into compartments

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19
Q

What kind of vessels are found in the hilum of lymph nodes?

A

Efferent (outgoing vessels) + artery and vein

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20
Q

In a lymph node; where is the subcapsular or marginal sinus located?

A

under the capsule

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21
Q

In a lymph node; the cortical sinus passes through what?

A

cortex

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22
Q

In a lymph node; the deep cortical sinus passes through what?

A

paracortex

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23
Q

In a lymph node; the medullary sinus passes through what?

A

medulla region

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24
Q

In a lymph node; cells within all regions and sinuses are supported by a system of what?

A

reticular fibers

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25
The reticular fibers that support all cells and sinuses in lymph nodes are produced by what?
reticular cells
26
The primary cell type found in the cortex of lymph nodes is what?
B cells
27
What activity is happening in the cortex of the lymph nodes
phagocytosis and humoral immunity
28
What kind of lymph nodule has no germinal center, and is a older lymph nodule or a group of B cells and B memory cells
Primary lymphoid nodule
29
What kind of lymph nodule has a germinal center, forms in response to a foreign antigen, and is B cells dividing
Secondary lymphoid nodule
30
True or false; primary lymphoid nodules have germinal centers
false; secondary lymphoid nodules have the germinal centers
31
Paracortex is synonymous with what?
Deep cortex
32
True or false; paracortex or deep cortex of lymph nodes is involved with HIV infections
true
33
What is the primary cell type in the paracortex or deep cortex of lymph nodes
T cells
34
What is the activity in deep cortex or paracortex of lymph nodes?
Long term storage of T cells phagocytosis cell-mediated immunity (influence by T cells)
35
What is the function of High endothelial venules (HEV)
facilitate passage of B & T cells from the blood into lymph nodes
36
What kind of cells line HEV (high endothelial venules)
cuboid, and columnar cells
37
What is the primary cell type of the medulla of lymph nodes
plasma cells
38
What kind of activity is happening in the medulla of lymph nodes
phagocytosis and cell-mediated immunity | ALOT of humoral immunity (because of high concentration of plasma cells)
39
True or false; medulla in lymph nodes have numerous medullary sinuses and medullary cords
true Medullary cords are dense areas of cells between medullary sinuses
40
True or false; in the thymus involution (fatty infiltration) begins after the first few years of life and really speeds up after puberty
true
41
True or false; activity in the thymus remains constant throughout life
false; little functioning after age 25
42
What is the function of the thymus
establish immunocompetent T lymphocytes (meaning distinguish self from non-self, and develop self tolerance)
43
What is a thymocyte
T cell in the thymus
44
What lymphatic organ has the thinnest capsule in the lymphatic system
thymus
45
True or false; lobules in thymus have peripheral cortex and a central medulla
true
46
What are the 4 supportive tissues in the thymus
capsule septa adipose microstroma = epithelioreticular cells
47
True or false; epithelial reticular cells in the thymus produce reticular fibers
false; they do not
48
True or false; epithelial reticular cells in the thymus secrete hormones and cytokines which function to influence the maturation, division, and activity of T cells
true
49
Where are thymic corpuscles (Hassall's bodies) found? As we age what changes about them?
They are found in the medulla of the thymus As we age the # of them increases as well as size
50
True or false; epithelial reticular cells of the thymus are an important component of the blood thymic barrier
true
51
What are 3 characteristics of the blood thymic barrier
Continuous caps with thick basal lamina epithelioreticular cells many macrophages in perivascular spaces (phagocytizing foreign molecules)
52
What is the parenchyma of the thymus
Functioning regions
53
What makes up the parenchyma (functioning regions) of thymus
Cortex and Medulla
54
True or false; the cortex of the thymus stains lighter than the medulla
false; cortex stains dark (because large # of T cells) and medulla stains lighter (fewer cells)
55
The cortex of the thymus has a large # of T cells (causing a darker stain than medulla) what are the cells doing? Are there many macrophages in the area?
The cells are growing and developing Yes large numbers of macrophages
56
While T cells in the cortex of the thymus are growing and developing, T cells in the medulla (stains lighter) while less numerous are doing what?
T cells are being tested
57
True or false; 95-98% of T cells die in thymus
true
58
Where are T lymphocytes produced?
Bone marrow
59
After T cells are produced in bone marrow and travel to thymus to be 'tested' where do they travel to in the thymus?
To the parenchyma (first to the cortex, then to medulla to be tested until immunocompetent)
60
Where do mature T cells that pass all of their tests leave the thymus? Where do they head?
post-capillary venules or efferent lymph Many head to secondary lymph organs (lymph nodes, and spleen)
61
Is there any afferent lymph heading toward thymus
no
62
Are there reticular cells making reticular fibers in the thymus?
no
63
Immunity, blood filtration, long term lymphocyte storage, storage of WBC's and platelets, and hemopoietic organ to fetus are all functions of what secondary lymph organ
spleen
64
True or false; there are many macrophages in the spleen to phagocytize old RBCs and platelets
true
65
What is the convex and concave structure of the spleen called?
hilum
66
The capsule of the spleen is made up of what kind of cells
thick dense irregular fibroelastic connective tissue
67
Trabeculae of the spleen are made up of what kind of tissue
dense irregular
68
True or false; the spleen has afferent lymph
false
69
True or false; cells in the spleen are supported by reticular fibers produced by reticular cells
true
70
The parenchyma of the spleen is made up of what?
Red pulp and white pulp
71
What is white pulp of the spleen made of and how much of the spleen is made of white pulp
concentrated white blood cells (primary lymphocytes) between 5-20%
72
What is the general function of white pulp in the spleen
immunity (cell mediated and humoral)
73
Where is white pulp in the spleen located?
``` under capsule splenic nodule (primarily in children, store B cells) periarterial sheaths (PALS) (long term storage of T cells) ```
74
True or false; most of spleen is made up of red pulp
true
75
What are the functions of red pulp
rapid blood filtration allows contact with foreign antigens
76
True or false; the red pulp of spleen is a combo of open and closed capillaries
true
77
Loose network of reticular fibers reticular cells lots of macrophages Blood including WBC, RBC, platelets and macrophages As well as many plasma cells are all found in this structure of spleen
splenic cords
78
What are some effects you'd expect to see in a patient with a splenectomy
Blood changes- increase # platelets and abnormal RBC Increased risk of bacterial septicemia Liver and some bone marrow taking up blood filtration (increase in macrophages)
79
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by what?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
80
After EBV infects patient in their respiratory epithelium where can the virus spread
salivary glands, lymph nodes, then to liver, spleen B cells and blood
81
How long do symptoms from EBV take to show up after initial exposure
4-7 weeks

Organ histology (10 decks)

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