Globalisation & Migration

Question 1

What is a Megacity?

Answer 1

A city which has over 10 million people in the urban area

Question 2

In 1990, how many megacities were in the globe?

Answer 2

10

Question 3

By 2030, what has the UN predicted in terms of the amount of megacities in the world?

Answer 3

41

Question 4

Which 2 megacities have been growing rapidly

Answer 4

Megacities such as Mumbai in India and Karachi in Pakistan are growing rapidly.

Question 5

What are the 3 examples of push factors?

Answer 5

Examples of push factors include:

• A lack of access to education.
• A lack of access to health care.
• A lack of access to clean water and sanitation.

Question 6

What are the 3 examples of pull factors?

Answer 6

Examples of pull factors include:

• Better employment opportunities in the city.
• Better healthcare available in the city.
• An overall better quality of life.

Question 7

What are the 3 problems with megacities?

Answer 7

• shortage of resources
• shortage of houses
• shortage of services

Question 8

What is Mumbai considered to be?

Answer 8

India’s largest urban area

Question 9

In 2015, how many people were living in Mumbai?

Answer 9

• Mumbai was home to 22 million in 2015.
• It has doubled in size since 1970

Question 10

What is the largest slum area in Mumbai?

Answer 10

Dharavi

Question 11

How many people are employed in the slum in recycling plastics?

Answer 11

5000

Question 12

In 2018, how bad was Mumbai’s air pollution?

Answer 12

In 2018, Mumbai was ranked the 4th most polluted megacity in the world.

Question 13

How much is Karachi growing in terms of annual rate?

Answer 13

Karachi is a megacity growing at an annual rate of 5%.

Question 14

How much does Karachi account for Pakistan’s GDP?

Answer 14

Over 25%

Question 15

In terms of a percentage, what has the UN recorded in terms of population living in unplanned settlements?

Answer 15

The UN estimate that 50% of the population live in slums or unplanned settlements.

Question 16

What is the largest slum area in Karachi?

Answer 16

Orangi Town

Question 17

What is Orangi Town known to be?

Answer 17

Asia’s largest slum

Question 18

How many people live in Orangi town?

Answer 18

Around 2.4 million

Question 19

How many people living in these slums don’t pay taxes?

Answer 19

With around 75% of the slum dwellers in Karachi working in the informal sector, the Government does not receive taxes from these people.

Question 20

What is Pakistan known to be according to the world bank?

Answer 20

According to the World Bank, Pakistan is one of the most water stressed countries in the world.

Question 21

What has the WWF estimates that Karachi loses water through leaks in their system?

Answer 21

The WWF estimates that the city loses 30% of its water through leaks in the system.

Question 22

What are elite migrants?

Answer 22

Elite migrants are wealthy migrants who are welcomed to a country because of the investment and capital that they bring.

Question 23

Give an example of how Elite migrants boost host country’s FDI?

Answer 23

E.g. In 2013, the Financial Times reported that 82% of property deals in Central London involve foreign buyers.

Question 24

Give an example of how elite migrants increases interdependence between regions?

Answer 24

E.g. The migration of wealthy Russian oligarchs (elite migrants) to London increases the interdependence between the UK and Russia as investment flows between the two countries.

Question 25

Give an example of how elite migrants can also be highly skilled people?

Answer 25

E.g. Skilled Senegalese doctors who come to the UK to work in the NHS.

Question 26

What is one benefits for host countries in terms of low-wage economic migration?

Answer 26

- Cheap labour can be used to develop the infrastructure of the country. - This has been the case in the UAE Gulf State where foreign migrants make up 80% of the construction workforce in Dubai.

Question 27

What are the 3 impacts on source countries in terms of low wage economic migration?

Answer 27

- The source countries benefit if remittances (earned income) are sent home by the migrants. - The source countries can be negatively impacted if they lack low-wage workers as a result of migration abroad. This could create a skills gap. - Like elite migration, low-wage economic migration creates an interdependence between host and source countries.

Question 28

What are the 2 patterns of low-wage migration?

Answer 28

- The migration of low-wage economic migrants from India to the UAE has been mostly construction workers. - The low-wage economic migrants from the Phillippines to Saudi Arabia has been mostly domestic workers, for example, nurses and carers.

Question 29

Give a statistic of remittances being sent home from the UAE to India?

Answer 29

In 2016, an estimated $12.5 billion in remittances was sent home from the UAE to India.

Question 30

What are the 2 ways in which interdependences can change?

Answer 30

Recessions and remittances

Question 31

What are the 3 impacts of migration to host locations?

Answer 31

- Large-scale migration can put a strain on the host location's housing and services (E.g. UK 2004 when European migrants started arriving from the A8 countries.) - An increase in workers willing to work for lower wages is an example of an economic benefit to the host location. (E.g. In Dubai, 80% of the construction workforce are migrants from another country.) - Migration can help to rebalance a population and reduce the impacts of an ageing population by increasing the tax base. (E.g. This is particularly key in Western European countries such as Germany.)

Question 32

What are the 2 impacts of migration to source locations?

Answer 32

- The source location may suffer from brain-drain and a skill shortage if a large number of skilled migrants leave the country. (E.g. Polish population which freely migrate to the UK.) - Migrants may send remittances back to their families in source locations.