Measuring Development Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the two main types of development measures?
• Single measures and composite measures
What is a single measure?
A single measure of development looks at one aspect of the quality of life.
What is a composite measure?
A composite index combines several measures of development to give a more holistic view of development.
Give 2 examples of a single measure of development?
GDP and Life expectancy
What is GDP?
The total value of goods and services produced in a country over one year.
What are the 2 limitations of GDP?
- It does not account for inequality within the country.
- It also doesn’t give any insight into what that country spends their income on.
Give 3 statistics from the IMF 2018 about GDP
According to the International Monetary Fund (2018):
- Ranked on their GDP, the biggest economies in the world are the United States, China and Japan.
- The USA has a GDP of $20trn
- China’s GDP of $14trn.
Give 2 statistics from the WHO about life expectancy?
According to the World Health Organisation:
- Japan tops the ranking with a life expectancy of 84.2 years
- America is outside of the top ten with 78.5 years.
What are the 2 examples of composite measures?
- The Human Development Index (HDI)
- The Gender Inequality Index (GII)
What was the statistic about the last HDI?
the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gender Inequality Index (GII).
What does the HDI include?
The HDI includes:
- life expectancy at birth (which shows the healthcare provision of a country)
- the expected and mean years of schooling (which shows the education provision of a country)
- the Gross National Income (which shows the state of the economy in the country).
What was Norway’s HDI in 2015?
0.949
What does EQI stand for?
Environmental quality index
Give an example of what the EQI measures?
Air pollution
How do we measure inequality?
By using the Gini Coefficient
What does it mean to have a Gini coefficient of 0?
A Gini coefficient of 0 would mean that everybody in the country was equal and 100% of the wealth was shared between 100% of the population.
What does it mean to have a Gini coefficient of 1?
A Gini coefficient of 1 would mean that the country is perfectly unequal and 100% of the wealth is owned by one person.
Give an example of a country having high inequality
South Africa is an example of a very unequal country with a Gini coefficient of 0.62 in 2017.
Give an example of a country having low inequality
Iceland is one of the most equal countries with a Gini coefficient of 0.25 in 2017.
What do some people argue about globalisation in terms of inequality?
Some people argue that globalisation enables the rich (the TNCs and global elites) to get richer, while the poor (those who provide cheap labour or are switched-off) get poorer.
What did the world inequality report find out in the US in 2018?
That the share of national income, that the top 1% own, has increased from 11% in 1980 to 20% in 2014.
In the UK, which city is considered having the most inequality?
London
In the UK, which city is considered having the least inequality?
Sunderland
