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Anatomy 337 > Gluteal muscles and thigh muscles > Flashcards

Gluteal muscles and thigh muscles Flashcards

1
Q

gluteus maximus

A

largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles

Action: Extends, laterally rotates, and abducts the hip

insertion: iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of femur
innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

blood supply: inferior gluteal artery (superior by an anastomosis

inserts on femur more posteriorly than the other two glut muscles so it is able to contribute to the lateral rotation

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2
Q

gluteus medius

A

-this is just deep to the gluteus maximus

Action: Abducts and medially rotates hip

Insertion: the Greater trochanter of femur

innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Blood supply: superior gluteal artery

this is able to medially rotate based on the angle of the insertion at the trochanter

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3
Q

gluteus minimus

A

this is the deepest and smallest of the gluteal muscles

Action: Abducts and medially rotates hip

Insertion: the Greater trochanter of femur

innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Blood supply: superior gluteal artery

this is able to medially rotate based on the angle of the insertion at the trochanter

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4
Q

piriformis

A

an important lateral rotator of the hip

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5
Q

semitendinosus

A
  • a thinner muscle belly and a longer tendon than the semimembranosus
  • It sits just superficial to the semimembranosus
  • the long tendon at the inferior side wraps around the knee on the medial side

Action:

  • extends the hip
  • rotates the knee medially
  • flexes the knee
  • origin: ischial tuberosity
  • insertion: pes anserine insertion
  • innervation: tibial division of sciatic
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6
Q

semimembranosus

A
  • this has a thicker muscle belly and a shorter tendon than the semitendinosus
  • this is more medial and deep than the semitendinosus

Action:

  • extends the hip
  • rotates the knee medially
  • flexes the knee
  • origin: ischial tuberosity
  • innervation: tibial division of sciatic
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7
Q

biceps femoris

A
  • has two heads
  • the long head and the short head
  • the long head is superficial to the short head
  • the two heads merge together and insert onto the head of the fibula together

-lateral to the semimembranosis and the semitendinosis

Action:

  • both cause lateral rotation of the knee and flexion of the knee
  • the long head causes hip extension

innervation:

  • long head: tibial division of sciatic
  • short head: common fibular division of sciatic
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8
Q

the long head of the biceps femoris

A
  • Origin: ischial tuberosity
  • insertion: fibular head after merging with the short head to form a common tendon

Action:

  • extends the hip
  • works with the short head to flex, and laterally rotate the knee
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9
Q

short head of the biceps femoris

A

-Origin: linea aspera

-insertion: fibular head after merging with the long
head to form a common tendon

Action: lateral knee rotation and hip flexion

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10
Q

iliopsoas

A
  • this is the mergance of the iliacus and the psoas major
    action: hip flexion
    insertion: the lesser trochanter
    innevation: femoral nerve
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11
Q

sartorius

A
  • a long thin muscle that crosses both the hip and the knee
  • crosses the knee like a seatbelt

innervation: femoral nerve

Action:
Hip: flexion, abduction & lateral rotation
Knee: flexion & medial rotation

origin: ASIS
insertion: pes anserine insertion

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12
Q

rectus femoris

A

is the superficial muscle located on the midline of the thigh
- the only quad muscle that crosses the hip and the knee joint (the rest only knee)

innervation: femoral nerve
origin: AIIS
insertion: the quadriceps tendon

Action:

  • Hip: flexion
  • Knee: extension
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13
Q

vastus lateralis

A

this is located lateral to the rectus femoris

innervation: femoral nerve
origin: Greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera
insertion: the quadriceps tendon

Action: extend the knee

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14
Q

vastus medialis

A
  • this is located medial to the rectus femoris
    innervation: femoral nerve
    origin: linea aspera
    insertion: the quadriceps tendon

Action: extend the knee

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15
Q

vastus intermedius

A

this is deep to the rectus femoris

innervation: femoral nerve
insertion: the quadriceps tendon

Action: extend the knee

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16
Q

what muscles make up the quadriceps

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

17
Q

pectineus

A

this is deep to the adductor longus
- has dual innervation from the femoral and obturator nerve

Origin: pectineal line of pubis

insertion: pectineal line

Action: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip

18
Q

in what order to the medial thigh muscles insert on the femur

A
  • most superior to inferior
  • pectineus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
19
Q

tensor fasciae latae (TFL)

A

this is near the hip portion of the lateral thigh
-this attaches to the iliotibial tract

innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Action: Flexes, abducts and medially rotates hip

origin: Asis
insertion: IT band

20
Q

iliotibial tract (IT band)

A

this inserts at gerdy’s tubercle on the lateral aspect of the proximal tibia
-this is long piece of connective tissue

21
Q

gracilis

A
  • muscle is long and thin
  • this is the most medial
  • this one can be viewed as loose

insertion: pes anserine insertion
innervation: obturator nerve

Action:
Hip: Adduction, medial rotation
Knee: Flexion, medial rotation

22
Q

adductor magnus

A
  • large muscle has both hamstring and adductor parts
  • this is just lateral to the gracilis
  • this contains a hiatus that allows the femoral artery to pass from the anterior thigh to the posterior of the lower limb

Action:
Adductor part: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip
Hamstring part: extends and laterally rotates hip

origin: Inferior ramus of pubis of Ischial tuberosity
insertion: Linea aspera and Adductor tubercle

innervation:
adductor part: obturator nerve
hamstring part: tibial division of sciatic

23
Q

what nerve innervates the medial compartment

A

-the obturator nerve

24
Q

adductor longus

A
  • this is in the medial thigh
  • this is just lateral to the gracilis

Action: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip

Insertion: linea aspera

innervation: obturator nerve

25
Q

adductor brevis

A

this is smaller than and deep to the adductor longus

Action: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip

Insertion: linea aspera

innervation: obturator nerve

Anatomy 337 (39 decks)

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